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; T H 1 R D
nnual report
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS
STATE OF MAINE
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THIRD ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS
FOR THE
STATK OF MAINK
FOR THE YEAR
1907
WATERVILLE
SENTINEI/ PUBUSHING CO.
1908
(^'^.^^ t\.L^?^ol^ r^'^- i'i^.'n
STATE OF MAINE.
O^^ic^ o^ Commissioner oi^ Highways,
Augusta, January i, 1908.
To His Excellency, William T. Cobb, Governor, and the Honor-
able Council:
I have the honor to present the third annual report of the
Commissioner of Highways.
Very respectfully,
PAUL D. SARGENT,
Commissioner.
REPORT.
During the first three months of 1907 the time of the com-
missioner was almost wholly occupied in explaining to members
of the Legislature and others the provisions of the bill which
was offered in the last repgrt as a basis for a new state road
law.
Immediately after adjournment of the Legislature requests
began to come in from municipal officers for advice concerning
the construction of state roads. Beginning in the middle of
April and continuing until the last of November with the excep-
tion of two weeks in May and two weeks in June when county
road meetings were held, from four to five days each week were
spent by the commissioner in visiting towns and in looking after
road and bridge work for which the Legislature made special
appropriations.
Besides the regular office work a large amount of time has
been devoted to carrying on the investigation of the bridges of
the State which was ordered by the last Legislature. The result
of this investigation will be found in this report.
NEW STATE ROAD LAW.
In the last report a bill was offered as a basis for new state
road law. Two well attended committee hearings were held
on the bill. The time of the first hearing was devoted to hear-
ing the proponents of the bill. Appearing in behalf of it were
a committee of the State Board of Trade, a committee of the
State Grange and a committee of the County Commissioners'
Association of the State. There were also presented to the
Legislature and referred to the committee 453 petitions carrying
13,947 names representing cities, towns and subordinate granges
throughout the State asking for the passage of the bill.
6 COMMISSIONER O]? HIGHWAYS.
At the second hearing the opponents appeared. These
included representatives of four cities and one town.
After being considered at several executive sessions of the
committee the bill finally was reported to the Legislature and
unanimously passed as a law in the form in which it appears
in this report.
The law includes in general all the provisions of the bill.
The only part that was materially changed was cutting down the
amount of the appropriation and the consequent reduction in the
amount of joint fund for the several cities and towns. The
amount of aid granted to towns with a valuation in excess of
$1,000,000 was also increased from 50 per cent to 75 per cent
of the amounts furnished by those towns.
Explanation of the Law,
We apprehend that most people would rather be told in a few
words what any law means or how it works than to try to find
out for themselves by perusing the same. We realize that it is
the function of the court to say what any law means so that
proposition will not be touched upon at this time; we will
attempt to explain some of the provisions of the new law and
procedure under the same.
Section two provides that the main thoroughfare of each town
which votes to build state road shall be designated as state
road. Also that a majority of the voters in any town or of the
municipal officers in any city may petition for a change in the
location of the state road if they are satisfied the road as desig-
nated "is not the main traveled thoroughfare in that town."
This section also provides that a second state road may be
laid out in any town after completion of the first state road.
Section three creates the State Highway Department and pro-
vides for a state highway commissioner, an assistant commis-
sioner, one clerk and one stenographer.
Sections four, five and six cover the financial part of the law.
Section four declares that each town must set aside from its
regular appropriation for highways a certain amount of money
to be used in making permanent improvements on its highways,
and names the amounts which towns must so set apart. The
provisions of this section also extend to unincorporated town-
ships. The idea meant to be conveyed in this section is that
COMMISSIONER OlP HIGHWAYS. 7
the amount set aside under it may be used for the permanent
improvement of some leading line of highway in the town but
not necessarily the state road. This section works automatic-
ally.
If, however, the town desires to draw state aid it must
according to section five, make a special appropriation equal to
fifty per cent of the amount necessary to be set aside under sec-
tion four. This special appropriation shall be made in addition
to the amount regularly raised for the maintenance of highways.
The section also provides that application for state aid must
be made to the state highway department prior to April fif-
teenth or the town will forfeit its right to state aid that year.
Section six names the amount of state aid that shall be appor-
tioned to the different classes of towns according to their valua-
tion.
Section seven declares that the three sums — that set aside
under section four, the special appropriation made under section
five and the state aid apportioned under section six shall together
constitute a joint fund for the permanent improvement of the
state road — also that towns shall file prior to May fifteenth a
proposal showing the location and nature of work which they
desire to do.
Towns which do not apply for state aid shall file a sifnilar
proposal prior to June first showing where and how they pro-
pose to expend the money set aside under section four. Such
towns may also have the services of any engineer in the employ
of the State for consultation and advice concerning the improve-
ment of their highways.
Towns which make improvement under section four must
file statement of improvements made by November first.
Section eight provides for doing work costing one thousand
dollars or more by contract and tells what provisions shall apply
to such work; also gives towns right to bid on work located
within their borders.
The section also provides that towns in which less than one
thousand dollars is expended may have the services of an engi-
neer for survey and superintendence of the work. •
Section ten describes the manner of making payment of the
State's share of the joint fund; also the manner of paying for
contract work.
8 COMMISSIONER OP HIGHWAYS.
Section thirteen provides for the building of connecting links
of road between the state roads laid out by the county commis-
sioners; the idea being that eventually a complete system of
continuous main thoroughfares may be realized.
The other sections of the law are taken up with details and
further prescribe the duties of the commissioner.
There will probably be discovered in the course of operation
of the law points which will need to be amended and changed
and these points can only be discovered by trying the law.
It is planned to handle the work as far as possible on uniform
blanks which will be supplied by the department.
The attention of municipal officers is called to the fact that
the law requires certain returns to be made to the department
on or before certain dates and it is hoped that town officers will
bear in mind that the work of the department which of neces-
sity will be heavy will be materially lightened and expedited if
these returns are forwarded promptly on the dates specified.*
The following schedule of duties of selectmen with regard
to the law may serve as a helpful reminder :
In all towns.
Insert the following or similar articles in town warrant :
(Last paragraph, sec. 5.)
"Article . To see if the town will vote 'yes' or 'no' upon
the adoption of the provisions of Chapter 112 of the Public Laws
of Maine, for the year 1907 relating to the appropriation of
money necessary to entitle the town to state aid for highways
for the year 1908."
"Article . To see if the town will raise, appropriate and
set apart, for the permanent improvement of the main highways
within the town, such sum of money as is contemplated and
directed by Section 5 of Chapter 112 of the Public Laws of
Maine for the year 1907, being the sum of $ ."
A. In towns voting to apply for state aid,
1. Make application for state aid before April 15. (Time
extended to June 15 for cities.)
(Sec. 5.)
2. File proposal giving location and kind of work before
May 15. (Time extended to July 15 for cities.)
(Sec. 7.)
COMMISSIONER 01^ HIGHWAYS. 9
3. File certificate of cost of road before Nov. i.
(Last paragraph, sec. 8.)
B. Towns not voting to apply for state aid.
1. File proposal giving location and kind of work to be done
with money set aside under section four, before June i.
(Time extended to July 15 for cities.)
(Second paragraph, sec. 7.)
2. File certificate of cost of road before Nov. i.
(Last sentence, second paragraph, sec. 7.)
The full text of the law together with a financial statement
showing its application to every town will be found in this
report.
FIELD WORK.
During the last two weeks of May and the first two weeks of
June, seventeen county road meetings were held — two in Aroos-
took county and one in each of the other counties. There was
a fair attendance at these meetings and a good degree of inter-
est was manifested by those present. In nearly every meeting
the same line of questions was presented for discussion as in
the meetings of the year previous. This is due largely to the
fact that many towns follow the practice of changing road com-
missioners frequently, an evil which has been discussed in an
earlier report.
An attempt was made to hold these meetings at such time and
place in each county as would give opportunity for viewing
some first-class job of road work under construction. Arrange-
ments looking to this end could not seem to be perfected. At
Belfast, however, Commissioner Bennett had a section of his
state road work under way and the delegates to the meeting
adjourned to the scene of the work and made an inspection of
it. The work consisted of building a stone underdrain on a
clay hill and surfacing the hill with gravel. A section of the
underdrainage work was being done on the day of the meeting
and it gave all an opportunity to see how this work should be
done properly. The commissioner believes that actual demon-
strations of practical road work would be a valuable adjunct to
each of these meetings.
Besides the towns in which county meetings were held the
following have been visited officially : Kennebunk, Old Orchard,
Sanford, South Berwick, Saco, Brunswick, Harpswell, Norway,
Fayette, East Livermore, Monmouth, St. George, Thomaston,
Manchester, Pittston, Washington, Oakland, Bingham, Madi-
son, Anson, Norridgewock, Mercer, Concord, Old Town,
Hampden, Glenbum, Macwahoc, Presque Isle, Foxcroft, Bel-
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS. II
fast, Detroit, Monson, Oakfield, Fort Kent, St. Francis Pit.,
Rangeley, Van Buren, Fort Fairfield, Whitneyville, Machias,
East Machias, Calais, Baileyville, Baring, Eastport, Jackman,
Charlotte, Windsor, China, Albion, Winslow, Benton, Clinton,
Vassalboro, Readfield, Vienna, Mt. Vernon, Belgrade.
In most of these towns state road construction occupied the
attention of the commissioner. In some, however, advice was
given in relation to bridge work as well as to road work, and in
some the work attended to was the result of special appropria-
tions by the Legislature. Several of these towns were visited
two or more times.
STATE ROAD WORK IN I907.
The year 1907 was a red letter year for state road work in
Maine". It was the first year in which claims for state aid
exceeded the State's appropriation. Three hundred and twenty-
nine towns have filed claims, which will probably be allowed,
aggregating in round numbers $73,500 while the appropriation
to meet these claims is but $70,000. Seventy-nine miles of road
have been reconstructed at a cost of $169,900, making the aver-
age cost per mile a little rising $2,150. As this is $300 per mile
more than the average cost of the work done in 1906 and the
cost that year averaged $230 per mile more than for the year
previous we feel that our efforts during the last two years in
trying to raise the standard of state road work have not been
without avail.
Included in this seventy-nine miles of work we find there
were 5.23 miles of road surfaced with macadam varying in
width from 12 to 43 feet and in thickness from 5 to 8 inches
and that the average cost per mile for all classes of this work
was $5,828. The average cost per square yard was 40 cents.
About 60 miles were surfaced with gravel, a large part of this
work having been underdrained with "V" stone drain, varying
from 8 to J2 feet wide and from 18 inches to 24 inches deep.
Gravel was spread not less than 12 feet wide and six inches
deep and in many cases the width and depth were considerably
increased.
About 13 miles were underdrained, graded and surfaced with
the material at hand, no gravel or crushed stone being available.
Madison built 3,185 feet of sand-clay road 16 feet wide at a
12 COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
cost of $589.24. Kennebunk built 300 feet of asphalt macadam
30 feet wide at a cost of $967.46. In a few towns the money
was expended for bridge work.
In addition to above claims, Bingham, Bucksport and Ran-
dolph constructed state roads but their claims were disallowed
as each town had received special aid from the Legislature on
account of its highways or bridges.
There were also twenty-five towns which made appropriations
for state road work but which for various reasons — ^principally
on account of lack of labor — did not do any work. Conse-
quently it may be said that there were 357 towns in the State
interested in state road work in 1907.
WORK UNDER SPECIAL RESOLVES.
Herewith is given a summary of road and bridge work per-
formed under special resolves of the Legislature in which the
commissioner has been interested.
St, Francis Plantation: Appropriation of $800 to repair
washout in highway on bank of St. John rivef. Money to be
expended under supervision of state highway comrtiissioner.
Examined site with assessors of plantation and a large delega-
tion of citizens on July sixteenth and recommended that loca-
tion of road be changed and new section of road built instead
of attempting to build a retaining wall or crib work to support
the highway and keep back the St. John river which if properly
done would have cost from $S,ooo to $8,000. A road was laid
out on the new location by the plantation assessors, accepted by
the voters and constructed by the road commissioner of the
plantation according to instructions from this office. Road
examined and accepted October 31 and payment of $800 made
to treasurer of plantation at December meeting of Governor and
Council.
Survey of St, John river at Van Buren for International
Bridge: Appropriation $400. On a trip through, Aroostook
county in July a call was made with Senator Therriault on Hon.
John B. Costigan of Edmundston, N. B., Canadian senator, to
ascertain his views as to whether it would be possible to secure
the co-operation of the Canadian government in making this
survey. We were unable to see Mr. Costigan owing to his
absence from town on the day of the call. A letter of inquiry
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS. I3
and a certified copy of the resolve of the Legislature was later
forwarded to Mr. Costigan and as yet no reply has been
received.
In October another attempt was made to see him but only to
learn that he had left the day before for Ottawa. Nothing has
yet been done on the survey.
Bridge between Machiasport and East Machias: Appropria-
tion $8,000, to be expended by board of trustees appointed by
Governor.
Met and advised with board of trustees about six times.
Furnished general plans for work and schedules of material.
Also selected steel draw span from competitive bids and made
final inspection of work passing especially upon the draw
which was furnished by the American Bridge Company on con-
tract. The remainder of the work was performed by day labor.
The work consisted in virtually rebuilding an old pile trestle
with a draw in it. All of the work in the channel of the river,
that is, between* banks at low water was put in new, making
about 350 feet of new work. The shore approaches, about 300
feet more, were built as far as possible upon the old piling, new
piles being driven wherever necessary. The old draw consisted
of one channel 43 feet wide over which was a double lift wooden
bridge. The new draw provides two channels 45 feet each,
spanned by a swinging steel bridge.
The work cost complete upwards of $9,500.
Old Town and Milford Bridges: By chapter 402 or Private
and Special Laws, 1907, the State assumed the care of these two
bridges. On June 28 the state commissioner with the Penob-
scot county commissioners made an inspection of these bridges.
They were found to be in a very poor state of repair. Tempo-
rary repairs have been made as the bridges do not appear to be
worth repairing permanently.
No appropriation was made for this work and the commis-
sioners of Penobscot county whom the law directs to make the
repairs have met the bills and will ask the next Legislature to
reimburse the county.
Visits were also made to this bridge July 10 and October 26.
Bridge at Oakfield: Appropriation $750 provided town
expends equal amount. To be expended under supervision of
Aroostook county commissioners and state highway commis-
14 COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
sioner. This job was visited in April and again in July. Noth-
ing done as yet on the construction of the bridge. Town has
voted to relocate the bridge in order to obtain a right angle
crossing of the stream as recommended by this office.
Whitneyville: Appropriation $500 to repair bridge across
Machias river. Plans were prepared for a concrete abutment
at the suggestion of the selectmen. A very poor wooden abtit-
ment was built.
Macwahoc: Appropriation of $1,250 for repairing bridge
across Molunkus stream and the bridge across Macwahoc
stream to be expended under direction of state commissioner of
highways and the county commissioners of Aroostook county.
Both of these bridges were examined on June 15. Specifica-
tions for the repairs to each bridge were drawn in this office and
forwarded to the Aroostook county commissioners who attended
to letting the contracts and supervising the work. The contract
for repairs to the Molunkus bridge was let to Seward Waster
for $275 and during the progress of the work the Aroostook
commissioners ordered extra labor and material to the amount
of $85.00 making the total for repairs to this bridge $360.
The contract for the Macwahoc bridge was let to Frank I*.
Kimball for $650. This work consists of rebuilding abutments
and on account of high water all through the season of 1907 it
has not been done. The work will be done, however, in the
season of 1908.
Road from Roach River to Grant Farm: Appropriation of
$1,250, to be expended by agent appointed by the Governor and
Council.
During the last week in June at the request of L. E.
Moore of Sebec, agent, the commissioner made a trip over this
road with Mr. Moore advising in relation to the repairs.
The total appropriation was expended on this work together
with a similar amount furnished by the Great Northern Paper
Company.
Road leading from Northwest Carry on Moosehead Ltake to
Pittston Farm: Appropriation $750 to be expended under
direction of an agent appointed by the Governor and Council.
During the first week in July upon request of H. L. Colby
of Jackman, agent, a trip was made over this road for the pur-
pose of advising as to repairs. No work was done, however.
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS. 1 5
on account of the scarcity of labor during the season and the
appropriation has been carried over for expenditure in 1908.
Town of Concord: Appropriation of $564.03 to aid in build-
ing and repairing highway leading to Bingham and Concord
bridge to be expended under the direction of commissioners of
Somerset county.
This work was inspected the latter part of September after
its completion. A large amount of drainage work and ledge
excavation was done, the material excavated being used to
fill a low portion of the road. A much needed improvement
was made in the approach to the bridge. The full amount of
the appropriation was expended.
Road at Bingham: Appropriation same as for Concord and
expended in a similar way; total of $382.53 expended to date.
Bridge in town of Rangeley: In addition to above work the
commissioner has aidecj a committee of the town of Rangeley
in selecting and buying a bridge which has been erected over
the outlet of Rangeley lake. During the month of August a
visit was made to the site and plans and specifications for con-
crete abutments were prepared which the committee followed
in carrying out the work. The completed job was inspected
for the town of Rangeley January 7, 1908.
CONVENTIONS.
County Commissioners' Convention at Belfast, August 14:
The commissioner attended this convention and as in the past
two years advised with the county commissioners relative to
state road work for 1907 and also reviewed the new law and
its course through the Legislature.
A similar report was made on the general bridge bill which
was before the last Legislature.
Convention of American Road Makers: The commissioner
made preparations and plans to attend the fourth annual conven-
tion of the American Road Makers held at Pittsburg, March
twelfth and thirteenthj but as the new state road bill was just
emerging from committee at the same time he did not deem it
advisable to be absent. This association is composed of all
state highway commissioners and others interested in the ques-
tion of road improvement.
l6 COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
Good Roads Convention in Springfield, Massachusetts, Sep-
tember twenty-fourth and twenty- fifth: The commissioner
attended this convention which was held under the auspices of
the Springfield Automobile Club. The motto of the meeting
was "Good Roads and the Sane Use of Them."
Representatives of the state highway departments of Rhode
Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts and Pennsylvania were in
attendance at this meeting as well as delegates from several
other states. The sessions were most interesting and instruct-
ive. Your commissioner gave a short address on state road
work in Maine.
As indicative of the status of highway improvement in the
states above named it may be said that a large part of the dis-
cussion of the meeting was devoted to considering the best
methods of preserving macadam roads and laying the dust on
the same ; in other words the building of macadam roads is the
established policy in those states and the proper maintenance
and preservation of those roads is the question that is now being
agitated.
We were interested to hear a representative of the Metropoli-
tan Park Commission say that the split log drag was used in
maintaining certain sections of the system which were surfaced
with gravel.
SYSTEMATIC MAINTENANCE OF HIGHWAYS.
The following paper was prepared under the title of "The
First Thing to be done to secure an Improvement in the High-
ways in the Rural Districts" and read at a meeting of the Cen-
tral Maine Fair Association at Waterville, November 30, 1907.
It is an elaboration of the ideas we had in mind when dis-
cussing the question of road maintenance on pages 18, 19 and
20 of the first report of this office.
It is reproduced in the hope that some of the suggestions
therein contained may be found practicable in some towns.
There is no need today of discussing the desirability of good
roads. Their economic value is well established and is well
known by people who have given the matter the most casual
attention.
The government through the Department of Agriculture has
several times collected statistics from all parts of the country
to learn just what it was costing to transport farm products
from the farm to the shipping point over unimproved roads. A
careful compilation of the information obtained shows us that
the average cost over ordinary country roads is twenty-five cents
per ton per mile. This would be equivalent to a team costing
four dollars per day hauling 1,600 pounds twenty miles in a
day and I think is not far from what teams can do on an aver-
age in this State taking all seasons of the year into considera-
tion. At least I know this is about what teams "toting" supplies
into the woods in my part of the State can handle and we pride
ourselves on having as good roads in Washington County as
there are in the State.
It has been learned at the same time that over improved roads
the cost is from one- fourth to one-third as much or an average
2
l8 COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
of about seven cents per ton mile. Indeed in a recent report
to the Government from Consul General R. P. Skinner of
Marseille the statement is made that the standard road of
France is such that one good draft horse can travel 18.6 miles
per day hauling a load of 3,300 pounds, and that public opinion
demands that all roads be kept up to this standard. If we
assume that two gooH horses will haul just twice as much or
6,600 pounds the same distance and that the daily cost for such
a team is four dollars the cost per ton mile figures out just six
and one-half cents or practically one-fourth of the cost over
unimproved roads. This means either that all of the work
done under present conditions by our horses could be done by
one-fourth as many horses or that under better conditions all
our horses could do four times the work they are now doing.
This certainly ought to interest an association like your own
which has for one of its objects the development of horses
which can haul larger loads as well as those which can make
faster time. Wouldn't it be well to inquire whether the horses
are having a fair chance to show what they can do? The
most of us would condemn any railroad manager for buying
powerful locomotives and operating them upon track so poor
that their full efficiency could not be realized.
Do not think for a moment that the advent of conditions
under which one horse could perform the work of four would
lessen the demand for horses. Better transportation facilities
always bring about an increase of travel and I am sure that
improved highways would increase rather than diminish ordi-
nary wagon travel.
Granting then that improved roads are highly desirable the
all important question is, How can they be realized? Or to
confine ourselves more closely to the topic assigned for discus-
sion let us consider "The first thing to be done to secure an
Improvement in the Highways in the Rural Districts."
In order to discuss this question intelligently it would seem
fair and proper to first consider the present conditions under
which highway work in the rural towns is carried on.
In 1905 inquiry was made from each town in the State as to
the mileage and condition of its roads and the amount of money
annually appropriated for the maintenance of the same. We
learned that for the whole State there were 25,530 miles of road
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS. I9
of which 2,238 miles were surfaced with gravel, 22 miles with
granite block pavement and 65 miles with macadam; the
remaining mileage being ordinary dirt road. In other words
only 9 per cent of the roads in the State have been improved as
to surface and 91 per cent are still surfaced with the natural
earth of which they are constructed.
By a process of segregation we have also learned that 7.6
per cent of the total road mileage of the State was found within
the twenty cities and 92.4 per cent outside the cities. I do not
mean for you to infer that all the improved roads were found
within the cities and all the unimproved roads outside of them
but it is true that a larger percentage of improved roads is found
in the cities than in the country. The reason for this is found
in what I am about to say.
In 1904 the total highway expenditures of the State amounted
to $1,377,196 or an average for the State of $54.00 per mile of
road. Of this amount $490,526 was expended in the twenty
cities allowing them an average expenditure per mile of $254
while the balance of $886,670 was expended outside the cities
or an average expenditure of $37.58 per mile. Deduct from
this figure $9.56, the average cost per mile for handling snow,
outside the twenty cities, and we have the magnificent sum of
$28.02 per mile for maintaining our highways and making per-
manent improvements upon them. It should be borne in mind
that these figures are not those for the rural districts alone;
they include all towns, many of which like Bar Harbor, Lisbon,
Brunswick, Farmington and Skowhegan ought properly to be,
classed with the cities as far as highway expenditures go. Tak-
ing out these large and wealthy towns would certainly reduce
the available funds for highway maintenance and improvement
to an average annual expenditure of not over $20.00 per mile.
Our state road work the last six years has averaged to cost
$1,553 P^r ^^^^ 2i^d I think no one familiar with this work
will charge that it is any too good or that the work has
been done at an excessive cost. Under present conditions, then,
in the smaller towns, with an average annual expenditure, say
of $20.00 per mile, it is clearly apparent that the first thing to be
done in order to secure highway improvement is to make every
dollar of this highway expenditure go as far as possible.
20 COMMISSIONI^R OF HIGHWAYS.
Let US suppose for a few minutes that we were asked to form-
ulate a policy for managing a maintenance of way department to
care for all the railroads in this State with the understanding
that the expenditure per mile of track should not exceed a cer-
tain amount. It seems to me under such circumstances my
instructions to road masters and section foremen would be
something like the following :
Until further notice this department is obliged to practice
rigid economy and you will therefore immediately reduce forces
to the lowest number consistent with safety. Your aim must
be to keep each and every mile of track in a safe condition with
as little expense as possible. Do only such surfacing work as
is necessary to keep your track level transversely, except on
curves, which must be maintained with a uniform elevation.
Pay particular attention to keeping culverts, water-courses and
ditches clear for the free passage of water. During heavy rain
storms have your track patrolled in order to keep water moving
in its proper channels and for the purpose of removing any wash
which may be brought upon the track. Pay particular attention
to all exposed places. During any emergency, of course, you
are authorized to employ extra help but this help must be dis-
charged as soon as the damage consequent upon the emergency
has been repaired.
By pursuing such a policy with quite strict supervision I
should figure to keep expenditures under the limit allowed per
mile and with the accumulated savings from the several miles I
should plan as often as possible to do some quite extensive
reconstruction work beginning with the poorest sections
of those portions of the track which carried the heaviest traffic.
It seems to me by pursuing this policy it would be possible after
a time to gradually improve all of the poorer sections of track,
until ultimately all would be of standard construction.
I presume nearly every man present would advocate a similar
policy under similar circumstances. May we not compare the
highway system of a town with respect to the town's local trans-
portation facilities to the railroad system of our whole State?
If this is a fair comparison why should not a similar policy be
applicable to each town's highway system? And if so applied
why would it not produce similar results ? I believe it would.
COMMISSIONER 01^ HIGHWAYS. 21
The policy which I have outlined applied to towns would
mean the regular, systematic care of every mile of highway
under the supervision of a man whose training and experience
had been along this line of work. The roads would probably
be laid off in sections each under the care of one or two men
whose duty it would be to make repairs at stated intervals;
these intervals would vary according to the importance of the
road and available funds ; in some cases repairs would be made
daily; in others only one day a week or perhaps one week in
a month, but the all important thing would be to have the work
done systematically. The work that would receive attention
would be clearing loose rocks and other obstructions from the
surface of the road; draining water from ruts and low places
and filling the same with suitable material, keeping ditches and
culverts clear of waste and drift material and seeing that all
culverts and ditches were supplied with proper outlets to carry
the water away from the road. Bushes growing along the road-
sides could be kept trimmed back and this is a matter that is
sadly neglected. These same men too would be on hand during
rain storms to protect hills and in this way often save repair bills
many times the cost of their wages. I think you will agree that
if the items of road work just enumerated could receive regular
attention from someone interested a vast improvement in the
condition of our roads would soon be noticed.
If it was deemed advisable to work each section only one
week out of the month, sections could be worked in rotation so
as to furnish continuous employment to men undertaking the
work and this feature alone would go a long way towards secur-
ing efficient help for highway work.
The competition resulting from a system of this kind should
prove to be considerable of an incentive to do good work. •\ny
man having the care of a section would take pride in its appear-
ance and this would be a stimulus to good, honest work. It
seems to me it, is really pride in their successful achieve-
ments, rather than premiums, which induces farmers and
others to exhibit the results of their season's labors at fairs
like the one held by this society.
Furthermore, I believe it would tend towards the creation of
a force of trained road builders ; for besides the regular main-
tenance work these employees would be assembled occasionally
22 COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
to make up a road crew for doing more or less extensive jobs
of construction. In this way they would be constantly learning
the business of road building and repairing and it would indeed
be strange if some exceptionally good men were not developed.
From the ranks of these men, too, we could fill the office of road
commissioner with men thoroughly conversant with all features
of road work.
Here, then, is one way of bringing about an improvement in
the highways in the rural sections. It is a way which does not
call for increased appropriations for highways nor for the
expenditure of more labor than is now put forth upon them but
simply asks that the same amount of labor and energy be more
carefully and systematically directed and expended. This
proposition has been laid before the road commissioners of the
State for two years but none of them have as yet seen fit to put
the system into operation. It will be the method of taking care
of all roads, though, some day.
Thus far, we have considered the possibility of improving
our present roads so as to make them more agreeable and more
usable and it certainly behooves us to keep this point in mind
when we remember, as noted above, that 91 per cent of our road
mileage is unimproved as to surface and of necessity must be
so for a great many years.
In this connection I cannot refrain from referring to the
simple device known as the King Split Log Drag which has been
the means in many western and central states of changing many
miles of wet, mirey, mud roads into good hard earth roads at
all seasons of the year. I will only say of this device that any
man can build one in three hours time at an expense of not over
$2.00 and it can be operated at a cost as low as fifty cents per
mil^ under good conditions, although the cost of operation may
run to $2.50 or $3.00 per mile. The drag has been used in sev-
eral of the towns in Maine with most excellent results. Its
success depends upon its constant and systematic use. One
commissioner thinks in the use of the drag he sees the salvation
of the rural towns of Maine. In a letter written one year ago,
he says, describing his experience :
"Each way from the writer's residence (one mile east of
South Standish) is a section of highway of about three- fourths
COMMISSIONER OP HIGHWAYS. 23
of a mile in extent which is one of the last pieces of road in
Cumberland county to become dry and firm in the spring.
"The first use of the drag was upon this section of road April
28, 1906. At commencement the mud was frorrl two to eight
inches or more in depth. Within three hours teams passed at
a trot without sinking half the depth of a hoof or burying a
wheel rim. Although the frost was not wholly out of the road
at that time, and in spite of the repeated and heavy rains of
June, there has not been a day nor even one hour when the
preceding sentence would not be a correct description.
"People passing over the road have pronounced it in the finest
shape of any piece of earth road they ever saw. The writer
has lived by this piece of road all his life and not for forty years
has the road in question been so free of mud and dust.
* \\'est of the writer's place a section of road of over a mile in
length was worked with the road machine in the month of May.
This became in such bad shape that parties who had seen the
effect of dragging where I first worked demanded that this sec-
tion be dragged also. This I did by order of the commissioner,
June 4 and 9, making a fine piece of road.
"In all about five and one-half miles, contiguously, have been
dragged. Although nearly four months have elapsed since the
drag has been used it can readily be told where the dragged and
undragged sections join.
"The least expense per mile has been about $1.50; the great-
est a little rising $6.00; the average expense per mile for the
five and one-half miles, a little less than $3.00. This would
amount to $275 for the entire highway mileage of the town "
If Mr. Sanborn had added at this point that the highway
appropriations in his town have averaged $2100 per year for
several years and that $1400 of this was available for summer
work and that the full amount has been expended it seems to
me that his statement, that by the use of the split log drag eve»-y
mile of road in their town could be maintained in the splendid
condition which his letter indicates at a cost not to exceed $275
per year, would be very much more forceful. This also indi-
cates clearly that in this town alone by raising no more
money than at present upwards of $1000 per year would be
available for making permanent improvements.
24 COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
A letter received from Mr. Sanborn this fall states that
he has had entire charge of the roads in his town this year.
This is probably due to the results of his work last year with
the split log drag. The present season about eleven miles of
road have been operated upon, the results being fully equal to
those obtained in 1906. His letter states that work began on
the second day of April and that all of the eleven miles had
been put in thorough shape previous to May fifteenth and that
he has found it unnecessary to use the drag since on any of these
sections.
The following paragraph from Mr. Sanborn's recent letter
so well illustrates the point that I have been trying to impress,
that by systematic and regular work we can keep our highways
in a good passable condition at comparatively small expense per
mile and thereby have considerable money to expend in per-
manent work, that I cannot refrain from quoting same.
"The use of the drag in addition to producing the excellent
roadway as described above has enabled us to make improve-
ment at many points. The drainage has been improved by
rebuilding several old culverts, by putting in culverts at several
points where formerly there were none and by such other means
as available. At other points, notably certain hilly sections of
road, about two miles in extent in the aggregate, drainage
bars have been built; sluice-ways and off-take ditches cleared
out; many cart loads of material hauled onto the badly denuded
parts; bushes cleared out and regioved; the roadway straight-
ened and widened to the extent of a carriage by filling the
deep and uncalled for ditches, or rifle pits, digged by the road
machine ; and a bad ledge and boulders removed from the road-
way. From five to six miles of bushes have been cut and piled
in a thorough and careful manner. 'For a large part of this
distance a strip of bushes from six to sixteen feet in width
was cut inside of the original ditches and upon what was clear
and passable roadway when the road machine came to town.
The very first year of the adoption of the road drag has enabled
us to make these improvements while the conditions which
called for them have been constantly growing worse under the
use of the road machine. The use of the drag for a few years
with the better methods which its use not only admits of, but
calls for and entails, will enable us to continue these better-
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS. 25
ments, and as time goes on a larger and increasing part of the
highway fund can be used in operating the drag, and the bene-^
fits will be apparent to all. Continue the use of the drag for
one- fourth part as long as the false and destructive road
machine system has been in vogue and the aspect and useful-
ness of our highways will undergo an immense change for the
better."
The remarks of Mr. Sanborn in relation to the misuse of the
road machine are none too strong and I can heartily concur in
them.
You may think after hearing this quotation from Mr. San-
bom's letter that I should have said in the beginning that we
should use the split log drag in order to make improvements in
the highways in the rural districts but all the things which I
have indicated as necessary to be done should be done in con-
nection with using the drag. The first thing to do is to have
some definite scheme for operating the highways. Give the
work of highway keeping over to some competent man as a
business and he will be willing and anxious to use whatever
device is shown him for lessening labor and producing good
results in his work. It almost seems sometimes as though road
commissioners were not looking for labor-saving devices but
rather for some means of furnishing as much labor as possible
upon the road.
In the final analysis no one will doubt but that the first thing
necessary to be done, in order to bring about an improvement
in the highways, is to create a public sentiment which will
demand highway improvement; but strange as it may seem
experience everywhere has shown that the only way to create
that sentiment at large is by first building and maintaining model
sections of road for the people to see and use. One section of
good road in any community is the best possible argument that
can be put forth for more, and it invariably leads to a demand
for more of the same kind.
If you ask me how model sections of road popularly known
as permanent roads are to be constructed in the rural towns I
will say it is well nigh impossible to do such work except
through the medium of state aid. This point seems to have
been given due consideration by the Legislature as well as the
other fact that highway taxes are from three to ten times as
26 COMMISSIONER 01^ HIGHWAYS.
much in the rural towns as they are in our cities. In the state
road law passed at the last session, provision was made for pay-
ing to these small and financially weak towns a much larger
percentage of aid than will be paid to the cities. It is hoped
that under the stimulus of this law a start on permanent work
will be made in every town. As appropriations will be small
in many towns only a limited amount of work can be done. On
account of lack of machinery stone roads, which have become
the standard type of improved roads for country highways, can-
not be extensively built at present. We can, however, build
good gravel roads in many sections. As compared with stone
roads they are cheaper in first cost and more easily and eco-
nomically taken care of ; and in the opinion of many people are
more pleasant to use. There is plenty of drainage work and
grading to be done. Hills can be cut down, swamps raised, and
drainage systems installed which will materially improve any
road. All of these works, too, are entirely necessary before
any kind of permanent surfacing work is undertaken. The
law provides that the main traveled thoroughfare in each town
shall be designated by the county commissioners as state road.
The state commissioner will use his influence with towns to have
them rebuild each year the poorest section of the state road then
remaining, the idea being that as a chain is no stronger than the
weakest link so is a road no better than its poorest place, and
the object of the department will be to increase the loading pos-
sible on any of these roads with the expenditure of each year's
appropriation.
Much has already been accomplished under our present state
road law which has been in operation seven years. An increas-
ing number of towns have each year taken advantage of the law
and this shows conclusively that the towns are willing to help
themselves when proper inducements are offered. In many
towns since the advent of this law special appropriations have
been made for the express purpose of reconstructing some
bad section of the town roads on lines similar to those pur-
sued in the. state road work. In this way a good healthy
public sentiment is being created which after a time will cer-
tainly be eflFective in demanding more improved and econom-
ical methods in handling ordinary highway work.
COMMISSIONER 01? HIGHWAYS. 27
We have all heard of the wonderful highway system of
France which stands today as a monument to the administra-
tive greatness of Napoleon. In the report of Consul-General
•Skinner, above referred to, he explains why the French roads
are good, as follows :
"French roads are good, not because of any superiority of-
raw materials, as the same materials exist everywhere; they
are not good because of any special talent for road building, as
the formula was furnished by an Englishman, and some roads
just as fine may be seen in parts of the United States. The
real superiority of the French highway system is attributable to
the fact that it is under the constant intelligent supervision of
an army of trained men, who discover within the organization
opportunities for advancement and professional distinction
which no mere county administration* can offer.*'
Let us hope that the day is not far distant when trained men
will have charge of road work and it will be done according to
some systematic plan, in place of our present method of working
a section here and a section there when we can find nothing
better to do and letting the most of it go uncared for practically
all of the time.
STATE ROAD LAW.
NoT^ : Words in italics at the beginning of each section are
inserted for convenience of reference and are no part of the
law.
Public Laws of 1907. Chapter 112.
An Act to provide for State Aid, and for the expenditure of
other public moneys, in the permanent improvement of main
highways or State Roads.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in
Legislature assembled, as follows :
Section i. Objects of this act. The objects of this act are
to obtain a more uniform system for the permanent improve-
ment of main highways throughout the state, to secure the
co-operation of the municipalities and the state in providing^
means therefor, and to provide for more efficient and economical
expenditure of moneys appropriated for highway construction
and repair.
Section 2. State roads defined — county commissioners to
designate — appeal from their decision— provision for second
state road when first is completed. The following described
roads shall be considered main highways or state roads within
the meaning of this act; in towns which have already availed
themselves of the provisions of sections ninety-nine to one hun-
dred and five of chapter twenty-three, revised statutes, nineteen
hundred and three, and acts amendatory thereof and additional
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS. 2f)
thereto, such roads as have heretofore been designated state
roads by the county commissioners; in towns which have not
heretofore availed themselves of the provisions of sections
ninety-nine to one hundred and five of chapter twenty-three,
revised statutes, nineteen hundred and three, and acts amenda-
tory thereof and additional thereto, but which vote to accept the
provisions of this act, such roads as may hereafter be designated
as the state road, under the provisions of this act. When noti-
fied by the state commissioner of highways that any town has
voted to accept the provisions of this act, it shall be the duty
of the county commissioners of the county in which such town
is located, on or before June first of the year of such notifica-
tion, to make such designation, and the clerk of each board of
county commissioners shall return forthwith to the state com-
missioner of highways a record of their proceedings in each
town and a description of each»road designated as state road.
Provided, however, that upon petition of a majority of the
legal voters in any town or a majority of the municipal officers
of any city presented to the state commissioner of highways stat-
ing that in the judgment of the petitioners the road as desig-
nated by the county commissioners is not the main traveled
thoroughfare in that town and that public convenience would
be better served by the designation of some other road as the
state road, which other road must be described in the petition,
it shall be the duty of the state commissioner of highways, after
such notice as he may order, to give a public hearing upon said
petition at some convenient place where all parties interested
may be heard. The state commissioner of highways, the mayor,
or street commissioner or city engineer, if designated by the
mayor to act in his stead, in the case of cities ; the chairman of
the selectmen or one member of the board whom the chairman
shall designate, in the case of towns ; the chairman of the board
of assessors, or one member of the board of assessors who shall
be designated by the chairman, in the case of plantations ; and
a county commissioner from an adjoining county to be chosen
jointly by the state commissioner and the representative of the
city, town or plantation as provided herein, shall constitute a
board to hear said petitions and parties interested and designate
the state road, which designation shall be final. County com-
missioners when hearing said petitions shall receive three dollars
30 commissione;r of highways.
per day and expenses, to be paid together with advertising and
incidental expenses from the treasury of the county in which
the town is located. In case the decision is against the peti-
tioners said board shall order in their decision that the peti-
tioners repay to the county within a fixed time all said costs in
connection with the hearing of the petition. In case such pay-
ment shall not be made within the time so fixed then the treas-
urer of the county within which the petition was heard shall
commence an action of debt against said petitioners or any of
them in the name of the county for the recovery of said costs
and expenses.
Provided, further, that when the state road in any town has
been reconstructed in a permanent manner within the meaning
of this act it shall be the duty of the county commissioners to
designate the next important main thoroughfare as state road.
Municipal officers may notify the state commissioner of high-
ways when in their opinion the state road is entirely recon-
structed as above, but such notification must be made imme-
diately upon the completion of the road. It shall then be the
duty of the state commissioner of highways, together with the
county commissioners of the county in which the road is located
to make an inspection of the road and to determine whether or
not it is complete. If they find the road to be not complete they
shall specify to the municipal officers in what particulars, and
the municipal officers shall,in their next proposal for expenditure
of joint funds, specify that it is desired to use said joint funds
in completing said road according to said specifications returned
by the state commissioner of highways and the county commis-
sioners. If the road is complete the county commissioners shall
designate another state road as provided in this section.
Section 3. State highway department — officers and salaries.
To carry out the provisions of this act there is hereby created
and established a state highway department whose chief officer
shall be called the state commissioner of highways. Said com-
missioner shall be a civil engineer and shall be appointed by the
governor with the advice and consent of the council, within ten
days after this act takes effect. The term of office of said com-
missioner shall be four years and until his successor is appointed
and qualified. He shall receive an annual salary of two thousand
five hundred dollars, and in addition thereto such actual
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS. 3I
expenses, not exceeding fifteen hundred dollars annually, as he
may personally incur in the execution of the duties of his office,
the same to be approved by the governor and council. Said
commissioner shall be furnished with suitable offices at the
seat of government properly provided with all necessary furni-
ture, equipment and stationery, and he shall personally superin-
tend the work of the department. Said commissioner may
appoint, if the work of the department requires it, subject to
the approval of the governor and council, one assistant commis-
sioner who shall be a civil engineer and experienced in road
building. Said assistant commissioner shall receive an annual
salary not to exceed fifteen hundred dollars and actual expenses
incurred when on official business within the state, the same to
be approved by the governor and council. He may also appoint
one clerk and bookkeeper at a salary not to exceed thirteen hun-
dred dollars and one stenographer at such salary as may be
•determined upon and approved by the governor and council.
He may also employ such other help as the execution of this
act shall make necessary upon terms to be approved by the
governor and council.
All salaries and expenses called for in this section shall be
charged against administration except as hereinafter provided.
Section 4. Towns to make permanent improvement of main
highways and amounts to he set apart for that purpose — county
commissioners to act for unincorporated townships. Each town
shall, of the amount of money annually raised and appropriated
for the repair of its highways, set apart the following amounts,
to be used for the permanent improvement of its main high-
ways, such improvements to be under the advice of the state
commissioner of highways.
Towns having a valuation of less than two hundred thousand
•dollars, fifty cents on each one thousand dollars of valuation,
and towns of two hundred thousand dollars and less than one
million dollars, thirty-three and one-third cents on each one
thousand dollars of their valuation; towns of. one million dollars
and less than three million dollars valuation, twenty-five cents on
each one thousand dollars; towns of three million dollars and
less than five million dollars, sixteen and two-third cents on
each one thousand dollars; towns of five million dollars and
less than fifteen million dollars, eleven and one-ninth cents on
32 COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
each one thousand dollars ; and towns of fifteen million dollars
and upwards, eight and one-third cents on each one thousand
dollars.
And the commissioners of each county within which are
located unincorporated townships shall set apart of the money-
raised and appropriated for the repair of highways in such
unincorporated townships, thirty-three and one-third cents on
each one thousand dollars of tTie valuation of each unincorpo-
rated township in which there are highways, to be expended for
permanent improvements of said highways as indicated in the
first paragraph of this section.
Section 5. Additional sum to be appropriated if town desires
state aid — application for state aid — selectmen to insert article in
warrant for town ^meeting. If any city or town or organized
plantation or the county commissioners for any unincorporated
township desire state aid, as contemplated by this act, for the
permanent improvement of the main highways within such city,,
town, organized plantation or unincorporated township, in addi-
tion to the improvements provided for by the amount set apart^
as required by section four of this act, such city or town or
organized plantation and the commissioners of the county for
such unincorporated township, shall raise, appropriate, and set
apart an additional sum equal to fifty per cent of the amount
required to be set apart for permanent improvements under
section four of this act, and all money set apart by any city,
town or organized plantation or the county commissioners for
any unincorporated township under this section, meaning the
additional sum equal to fifty per cent of the amount required
to be set apart under section four of this act, shall be raised^
appropriated, and set apart in addition to the amount regularly
raised for the maintenance of highways. Application for such
state aid in any year, and notice of the raising, appropriation,
and setting apart of such additional sum by any city or town, or
organized plantation or by the commissioners of such counties
as have unincorporated townships entitled to state aid, shall on
or before April fifteenth of such year, be made and given to the
state commissioner of highways by the clerks of such cities,
towns, plantations or boards of county commissioners; except
that in the case of cities the time may be extended to June fif-
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS. 33
teenth. Otherwise they shall not be entitled to such aid for such
year.
It shall be the duty of the selectmen of each town to insert in
the warrant for each annual town meeting an article calling upon
the voters to vote ^ts' or *no' on the adoption of the provisions
of this act relating to the appropriation of money necessary to
entitle the town to state aid for highways, for the year in which
such meeting is to be held.
Section 6. Apportionment of state aid. The state commis-
sioner of highways shall apportion from the amount appro-
priated under the provisions of this act, to each city, town,
organized plantation and unincorporated township which has
applied for state aid and has raised, appropriated, and set apart
the additional amount provided for in section five entitling it to
state aid, for the permanent improvement of its highways, for
each dollar so set apart by such city, town or organized planta-
tion, or for 3uch unincorporated township, under sections four
and five, the following amounts :
Towns, organised plantations and unincorporated townships,
having a valuation of less than one hundred thousand dollars,
two dollars for each one dollar set apart under sections four
and five ; towns, organized plantations and unincorporated town-
ships having a valuation of one hundred thousand dollars and
less than two hundred and fifty thousand dollars, one dollar and
fifty cents; towns, organized plantations and unincorporated
townships having a valuation of two hundred and fifty thou-
sand dollars and less than five* hundred thousand dollars, one
dollar and twenty-five cents; towns having a valuation of five
hundred thousand dollars and less than one million dollars, one
dollar ; cities and towns having a valuation of one million dollars
and upwards, seventy-five cents.
Section 7. Joint fund for improvement of state road — pro-
posal to be filed; by towns applying for state aid; by towns not
applying — state commissioner may furnish engineers free of
charge — special expenses — how charged — statement of improve-
ments to be filed — joint fund or any part thereof may be
expended succeeding year. The amount of money set apart by
such city, town, organized plantation, or for such unincorpo-
rated township as applies for state aid, as provided for in sec-
34 COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
tions four and five, with the amount apportioned by the state
commissioner of highways, as provided for in section six, shall
constitute a joint fund for the permanent improvement of the
state road in each of said cities, towns, organized plantations or
unincorporated townships. And on or before May fifteenth of
each year it shall be the duty of the officers having jurisdiction
over highways in said cities, towns, organized plantations and
unincorporated townships to file with the state commissioner of
highways a proposal setting forth the location on the state road
and nature of the permanent improvements desired to be made;
except that in the case of cities the time may be extended to July
fifteenth. The state commissioner of highways shall upon
receipt of this proposal notify the said officers whether or not
the proposed location and the proposed work meets with his
approval, and if not, his reasons therefor.
Such cities, towns, organized plantations and unincorporated
townships as do not apply for state aid under section five of this
act may expend the money set apart under section four for per-
manent improvements upon such highways as the officers having
jurisdiction over highways in such cities, towns, organized plan-
tations or unincorporated townships may designates. And on or
before June first of each year it shall be the duty of the said
officers having jurisdiction over highways in said towns, organ-
ized plantations and unincorporated townships to file with the
state commissioner of highways a proposal setting forth the
location and nature of the permanent improvements desired to
be made; and cities shall have until July fifteenth to file said
proposal. The state commissioner of highways shall upon
receipt of this proposal notify the said officers whether or not
the proposed work meets with his approval, and if not, his rea-
son therefor. He may also, upon the request of the said officers
of any city not employing a city engineer, or town or organized
plantation or unincorporated township, furnish to such city,
town, organized plantation or unincorporated township, free of
charge, the services of any engineer in the employ of the state
under this act for the purpose of consultation and advice con-
cerning the construction, improvement and repair of the high-
ways in such city, town, organized plantation or unincorporated
township. And any special expenses incurred in providing such
engineers shall be charged against administration and shall be
COMMISSIONER OP HIGHWAYS. 35
paid for out of the general appropriation made under this act.
But towns may, if they see fit, pay for such services out of any
moneys appropriated for highway repairs. The officers having
jurisdiction over highways in such cities, towns, organized plan-
tations, or unincorporated townships as shall make improvements
under section four of this act, and do not take advantage of state
aid, shall file with the state commissioner of highways on or
before November first a statement that said improvements have
been made according to the proposal filed by them on or before
the fifteenth day of July and accepted by him, together with a
detailed statement of the cost of same.
Any part of said joint fund not expended during the year for
which it is set apart and apportioned, may be expended during
the succeeding year. If, in the opinion of the state commis-
sioner of highways, said joint fund or any part thereof, for any
year cannot be advantageously expended, the same may be
expended the succeeding year.
Section 8. Work costing over $1,000 to he done by con-
tract — provisions — towns may bid — inspectors; appointment;
duties; state may furnish engineering superintendence for work
costing less than $1,000 — certificate of cost to be filed. As soon
as the location and general character of the proposed work has
been determined upon in towns where one thousand dollars or
more of joint fund is to be expended under the provisions of
this act, it shall be the duty of the state commissioner of high-
ways to make surveys, plans, estimates, and specifications for
the proposed improvement. These plans and specifications shall
conform substantially to the proposal filed under the preceding
section and agreed upon between the state commissioner of
highways and the selectmen or other officers having jurisdiction
over highways. Changes of grade and alignment may be made
when the road will be benefited thereby and authority is hereby
given to make such changes. Said plans and specifications shall,
upon completion, be forwarded to the selectmen or other officers
having jurisdiction over highways in the said town in which the
particular work is located, whose duty it shall be to immediately
advertise for bids for doing said work according to said plans
and specifications in two or more public newspapers, printed or
circulated in the county, for three weeks successively, at least
once in each week. ' This advertisement shall state the place
36 COMMISSIONER 01^ HIGHWAYS.
where bidders may examine said plans and specifications, and
the time and place where the bids for said work will be received
by the board of selectmen or other local officers having jurisdic-
tion. Each bidder must accompany his bid with a certified
check payable to the treasurer of the city, town, plantation or
county as the case may be, for ten per cent of the amount of
his bid as a guarantee that if the work is awarded to him, he
will enter into a contract with said board for the same. All bids
so submitted shall be immediately and publicly read at the time
for opening the same, as stated in said advertisement, and
referred to the state commissioner of highways for his approval.
The selectmen or other local officers having jurisdiction and the
state commissioner of highways shall have the right to reject
any or all bids, if in their opinion good cause exists therefor,
but otherwise they shall award the contract to the lowest respon-
sible bidder. The successful bidder shall give satisfactory
evidence of his ability to perform the contract, and shall within
fifteen days from the awarding of the contract also furnish
bonds in the penal sum of at least the amount of the contract
with two or more sureties, owners of real estate in the county,
or a surety or trust company, authorized to transact business
within the* state, to be approved by both the board receiving the
bids and by the state commissioner of highways, conditioned for
the faithful performance of said work in strict conformity with
the contract, plans and specifications for the same. The con-
tract, plans and specifications shall be executed in triplicate, one
copy going to the contractor, one to the local board of officers
having jurisdiction and one to the state commissioner of high-
ways. Whenever the mayor and city council or such other
board as has jurisdiction over highways in a city, or the select-
men of any town, or the assessors of any organized plantation,
or the county commissioners for unincorporated townships, shall
desire in behalf of such city, town, plantation or unincorporated
township to bid upon work located within said city, town, plan-
tation or unincorporated township, they shall submit their- bids
to the state commissioner of highways at least one day prior
to the time specified for the opening of the other bids as stated
in the advertisement for bids, and all bids submitted in behalf of
town shall be subject to the requirements made and provided for
in this section, except that no certified check or bond shall be
COMMISSIONER O^ HIGHWAYS. 37
required of any town or city making bids or accepting contract
for construction.
No bids in behalf of towns shall be opened by the state com-
missioner of highways until after the other bids for the same
work shall have been publicly opened and read by the board
receiving them, as required by this section, and forwarded to the
state commissioner of highways. If the state commissioner of
highways shall find from the bids so submitted that the bid in
behalf of the town is the lowest, the state commissioner of high-
ways shall thereupon award the contract to such town, where-
upon the board of local officers having jurisdiction over high-
ways in such town shall forthwith execute a contract in behalf
of such town with the state commissioner of highways in behalf
of the state, to fulfill all the requirements and terms of the
specifications and plans for said work, under which their bid was
submitted. The state commissioner of highways, on all work
executed by contract, shall make such inspection from time to
time as he may deem necessary and all material furnished and
labor performed shall be to his satisfaction.
The state commissioner of highways may appoint inspectors
if he deems it necessary to supervise the construction of all roads
built by contract under the provisions of this act. He shall pre-
scribe their salaries, which shall be satisfactory to the governor
and council; said salaries, however, and any special expense
incurred in making surveys, plans and layouts for contract work
shall be charged against the joint fund for the particular work
in question.
The inspector shall require all provisions of the contract and
specifications to be strictly adhered to by the contractors and
immediately after the completion of each contract and before
final payment is made the inspector shall make oath that all work
has been completed according to contract, plans and specifica-
tions.
In towns where less than one thousand dollars of joint fund
is to be expended the state commissioner of highways may,
upon application of the selectmen or other officers having juris-
diction, or when in his opinion more economical results will be
obtained by so doing, make surveys, plans, estimates and layouts
and furnish such superintendence as may be necessary for the
proper prosecution and completion of state road work. Any
38 COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
txpeiise incurred in doing such work shall be a proper charge
against the joint fund for that particular work. A certificate of
the cost of every road constructed under the provisions of this
act not upon a contract shall be filed with the state commis-
sioner of highways, by the selectmen or authorized authority
over the work of the town in which such road shall have been
constructed, on or before November first. Survey notes, copies
of all plans and contracts together with all other records per-
taining to the expenditure of any state moneys under this act or
any subsequent act for the improvement of highways shall be
filed and remain of record in the office of the state commis-
sioner of highways.
Section 9. Payment of state aid — how made — payments for
contract work. Payment of the state's share of the joint fund
for any town shall be made as follows : When the selectmen of
said town shall certify under oath to the state commissioner of
highways, that said town has paid out on account of the state
road construction the full amount of its share of the joint fund,
the state commissioner of highways shall notify the governor
and council of that fact and they shall draw a warrant upon the
state treasurer in favor of the town for one-half the state's share
of said joint fund, for said town. And upon the completion of
work in said town the state commissioner of highways shall
notify the governor and council of the amount due said town
and they shall draw a warrant upon the state treasurer in favor
of the town for said amount. Provided, however, that the
state's payment may in the discretion of the state commis-
sioner of highways be made in one sum after completion of the
work. Work performed by individuals or corporations, not
towns, under contract shall be paid for as follows : At or near
the end of each calendar month during the progress of the work
the state commissioner of highways shall certify to the select-
men of each town in which such contract work is being per-
formed, the amount and value of the work done on such contract
during the month, together with a statement of eighty-five per
cent of the value of such work, which shall be the amount due
the contractor and payable to him by the town treasurer not later
than the fifteenth of the month succeeding the month in which
the work was done; provided, however, that thirty days after
the state commissioner of highways shall certify to the select-
COMMISSIONER O? HIGHWAYS. 39
men that all work in connection with any such contract has been
completed, inspected and accepted, the full unpaid balance of
said contract as shown in said certificate shall be payable to the
contractor by the town and not before.
Section 10. Maintenance of state roads. Any highway
within any city or town improved by the expenditure of said
joint fund shall thereafter be maintained, as are other highways,
within the city, town, plantation or township within which it is
located, and to the satisfaction of the state commissioner of
highways.
Section 11. Liability for damages. The state shall not be
liable to any person or corporation for damages arising from
the construction, rebuilding, improvement or maintenance of
any highway under this act. In case any person or persons or
corporation shall sustain damage by any change in grade or by
taking of land to alter the location of any highway which may
be improved under this act the person or persons or corporation
injured thereby shall be entitled to compensation to be assessed
by the officers having jurisdiction where the road lies, said
damage to be assessed and paid according to provisions of stat-
ute. In case the award of damages is not satisfactory, parties
aggrieved shall have the same right of appeal as is provided by
law in the case of damages for altering highways.
Section 12. State road fund, how raised — unexpended bal-
ance to be carried to succeeding year. To provide funds for the
purposes of this act, there shall be assessed annually on all prop-
erty in the state a tax of one-third of one mill on each dollar
of valuation and the money derived from said tax shall be for
the exclusive uses and purposes set forth in this act. Any unex-
pended balance at the end of any year shall be added to the
fund for the next year. From this fund shall be paid all state
aid for road improvement as provided for under this act.
Section 13. Connecting links of road to be built. After pro-
viding for the payment of state aid applied for, the balance of
the fund or any part of it may be expended by the state com-
missioner of highways in building connecting roads between
state roads as designated by the county commissioners with the
object of establishing as far as possible a complete system of
continuous main highways throughout the state. Provided,
however, that no expenditure shall be made under this section
40 COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
in any town which shall fail to accept the provisions of this act
as to application for state aid and expenditure of joint funds.
Any expenditures made under authority of this section shall be
apportioned among the several counties of the state each year
on the basis of total road mileage in the county to total mileage
in the state and the location of roads to be improved under this
section shall be determined for each county by the state com-
missioner of highways and the county commissioners of the
county. The same general provisions made for the construction
and maintenance of other state roads under this act shall apply
to roads constructed under authority of this section ; except that
the whole cost of construction may be paid by the state.
Provided, further, that the state commissioner of highways
may, subject to the approval of the governor and council, appor-
tion in any one year, in addition to the amounts apportioned
under section six, not exceeding twenty-five per centum of said
unexpended balance of the appropriation hereunder, after pro-
viding for the payment of state aid applied for, to. towns in
which the joint fund is insufficient to properly complete the work
proposed or undertaken and necessary to be done as one job.
Section 14. Definitions; fiscal year; valuation. The fiscal
year for the purposes of this act shall end December thirty-ore.
Wherever the word Valuation' is used in this act it shall mean
the valuation last made by the state board of assessors. Wher-
ever the word city, town or organized plantation or unincorpo-
rated township is used singly in this act and the phrase or clause
in which it is used could as well apply to all four classes of
political subdivisions or to any other one class it shall be under-
stood to so apply.
Section 15. Other duties of state commissioner of high-
ways — disseminate knowledge — hold county meetings. In con-
nection with the foregoing duties the state commissioner of
highways, having first regard for the performance of Jhose
duties, shall also compile statistics relating to the public ways
in the cities and towns of the state, and make such investigation
relating thereto as he shall deem expedient, in order to secure
better and more improved highways in the state. He shall also
by means of maps, charts, cuts, drawings, prints, publications,
printed or written articles, lectures, or otherwise, disseminate
knowledge throughout the state concerning the best known eco-
COMMISSIONER OP HIGHWAYS. 4I
nomical methods for the building and maintaining of highways,
including bridges, in the cities and towns of the state, and partic-
ularly to impart siich information, in manner as aforesaid, to
the county commissioners of counties, the street commissioners
of cities, the selectmen of towns and other municipal officers
whose duties it may be to have the care and management of the
expenditure of money and the building and keeping in repair
of the highways in the state. Said commissioner shall hold each
year under the auspices of the county commissioners, a meeting
in each county for the open discussion of questions relating to
the building and maintaining of public ways, of which due
notice shall be given to the towns and cities in each county by
the said county commissioners.
Section 16. Annual report. Thestate commissioner of high-
ways shall make an annual report to the governor and council
of the operations of the state highway department. This report
shall show the number of miles, cost and character of the roads
built under its direction, together with a statement of expenses
of the department and such other information concerning the
condition of public roads of the state and the progress of their
improvement as may be proper. He shall also make recom-
mendations for any legislation which to him seem expedient and
necessary.
His report shall be transmitted to the secretary of state as
soon after the first Wednesday of January of each year as pos-
sible.
Section 17. County and municipal officers to furnish infor-
mation relative to ways and bridges. County commissioners
and city and town officers having the care of and authority over
public ways and bridges throughout the state shall, on request,
furnish said commissioner any information which they may
possess and required by him, concerning ways and bridges
within their jurisdiction.
Section 18. Repealer. Sections ninety-nine to one hundred
and five inclusive of chapter twenty-three, revised statutes of
nineteen hundred and three and acts amendatory thereof, and
chapter one hundred and forty-six of the public laws of nineteen
hundred and five are hereby repealed when this act takes effect.
Section 19. When act takes effect. This act shall take effect
January first, nineteen hundred and eight.
42
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REPORT OF STATE ROAD WORK FOR 1906.
Following the practice of the past two years we herewith
present a compilation giving a brief description of state road
work done in 1906. The information is taken from the county
commissioners' returns to the governor and council.
It is apparent by a close inspection of the reports that a con-
siderable number of towns in making report of the cost of work
'give only the maximum expenditure against which they can
draw aid when in reality the expenditure has been considerably
more. Such a case for example occurs in report for city of
Augusta. In this case we have substituted for the figures
reported by the county commissioners, viz. $600, the actual cost,
$2,250.
Consequently the reports of work costing exactly $600 can-
not always be depended upon as showing the true cost of work
reported.
SiATE ROAD WORK FOR 1906.
Compiled from County Commissioners* returns to the Governor
and Council.
Androscoggin County.
Town.
Durham
E. Livennore
Lewiston
Lisbon
Mechanic FalLs
Poland
Wales
Webster
Length
in feet.
Description.
870 No description given.
1 ,485 Surfacing with crushed stone and
other material . $386 . 4 1
Labor. 186.68
440 Surfacing with a layer of stone 18
inches in depth , covering with
clay to a depth of about 6 inches
surfacing with gravel.
742 Widening; grading; surfacing with
gravel to a length of 742 feet
and a depth of about 1 foot.
100 Putting in culvert; grading; erect-
ing suitable fence .
2 ,660 Surfacing sandy road with clay
and gravel to a depth of 1 foot in
the middle and tapering off to
the sides .
342 Rock foundation to a depth of
from 1 to 2 feet; surfacing with
dirt and gravel.
1 ,200 Putting in culvert; underdraining;
'surfacing with gravel.
Cost.
1269.70
673.09
400.00
894.49
600.00
234.43
600.00
Cost
per
foot.
.31
.39
.91
1.21
203.60 2.03
.23
.69
.60
Total,
7 ,739 feet
1.47 miles.
Total cost , S3 ,775 .21 $0 . 49
Cost per mile at same rate , $2 ,668 . 16
74
COMMISSIONER OP HIGHWAYS.
Town.
Length
in feet.
Amity
300
Ashland
1.361
♦Bancroft
1.815
Blaine
1,133
Bridgewater
1.496
Caribou
1,320
Castle HiU
1.881
Chapman PI.
Connor PI.
Crystal
1.000
1,320
1.353
Dyer Brook
2,640
Eagle Lake PI.
6.600
Easton
680
Ft. Fairfield
2.640
Haynesville
316
Hersey
220
Hodgdon
742
Houlton
1.750
Limestone
2.640
Linneus
990
Littleton
Ludlow
1,320
1.128
Macwahoc PI.
900
♦Hardly up to
Aroostook County.
Description.
Swamp road; rock filling; rock
shoulders to widen, covering
with 6 inches of pounded rock,
gravd surfacing.
Turnpiking; ditching; draining;
building large stone culvert.
Turnpiking; widening, building
four culverts.
Turnpiking; widening; graveling.
Building 313 feet of rock founda-
tion; turnpiking subgrade; grav-
eling 1188 feet; building new
railing on Dead Brook bridge.
Grading; underdraining; covering
with crushed stone 30 feet wide;
rolling with steam roller.
Turnpiking; filling with rock;
graveling.
Grading with rocks and gravel.
Turnpiking; rock filling; graveling.
Turnpiking; ditching; rock founda-
tion in center for distance of
1,155 feet.
Rock foundation; covering with
dirt; surfacing with gravel.
Turnpiking; ditching, widening;
putting in stone culverts.
Road across bog; grading with
rock; graveling.
Turnpiking; ditching; draining;
covering with crushed rock.
Widening; filling in low place with
gravel; graveling. Putting in
stone culvert.
Building new bridge; building and
raising approaches to same of
rock and gravel.
Building with rock foundation in
center; covering with 8 inches of
gravel. Putting in a tile culvert.
Building of crushed rock; wetting
and rolling with steam roller ;
surfacing with 607 loads of
gravel.
Turnpiking ; grading ; graveling;
blasting ledges.
Building rock foundation, 18 feet
wide, 1 foot deep on edges, 18
inches in center; covering with
dirt.
Turnpiking; graveling.
Building rock foundation; cover-
ing with gravel.
Turnpiking; graveling; removing
ro3ks; draining.
Co. Com'rs.
Cost.
$250.50
447.78
200.33
314.67
264.90
1,000.00
300.00
225.45
400.00
Cost
per
foot.
.sa
Ml
.2S
.IS
.76
349.27
.19
100.00
.10
450.00
.34
200.00
.15
250.00
.0»
300.00
.04
600.00
,0»
$700.00
.27
.9&
1.01
.54
1,145.25
.65
409.50
.15
325.00
.33
520.00
.39
400.00
.3<V
150.00
.17
COMMISSIONER 01^ HIGHWAYS.
75
Aroostook County — Continued.
Town.
Length
in feet.
Mapleton
275
MftreHiU
1,914
Masardis
300
MerriUPl.
1,336
Monticello
5,280
Moro H.
2,095
New Limerick
693
New Sweden
Oakfidd
Orient
Perham
Presque Isle
3,960
1.165
495
2,093
2.856
Reed PI.
503
Sherman
2,287
Silver Ridge PI.
300
Smyrna
1,400
St. Francis PI.
3,085
Cost
per
foot.
686.20 2.50
Description. Cost.
Building a stone bridge or grade
28 feet wide with 20 foot road-
way between railings. Average
depth of rock fill 9 feet.
Building rock foundation; cover-
ing with dirt; surfacing with
gravel. 511.13 .26
Cutting down two steep hills, ma-
king fill between. 230.00 .77
Building rock foundation, cover-
ing with gravel; blasting ledge;
putting in drain pipe culvert. 400.00 .30
Turnpiking; graveling to a depth
of about 2 feet in center; putting
in $100 worth of sewer pipe for
drainage. 624.50 .12
Turnpiking; widening; ditching;
draining. 225.50 .11
Excavating 12 feet wide, 6 inches
deep; filling with stone; covering
with 6 inches of clay; covering
60 feet of same with 6 inches of
gravel; putting in two 12 inch
drain pipe culverts. Width of
road worked 24 feet. 254.55 .37
Tul*npiking; blasting; fiilling;
draining. 427.04 .11
Turnpiking; widening; removing
rocks; putting in seven stone
culverts. 313.89 .27
Raising road by putting in about
1000 loads of gravel; widening
to a width of 24 feet; putting in
two stone culverts. 201.00 .41
Turnpiking; grading with rock and
gravel. 401.45 .20
Filling one ditch with rocks; cover-
ing whole width with rocks and
pounding up with sledges; cover-
ing with 12 inches of gravel for
495 feet. Also turnpiking and
graveling with beach gravel for
2361 feet.
Building rock foundation; cover-
ing with gravel; draining.
Swamp road; rock filling; widening;
covering with crushed rock.
Filling center of road with rock;
covering with dirt and gravel;
ditching and draining. 237 .00 .79
Swamp road; rock filling; covering
with gravel; putting in culverts
of eight inch tUing. 400.00 .29
Cutting out bank; draining; widen-
ing. 300.00 .10
606.69
.21
302.40
.60
600.00
.26
76
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
Aroostook County — Continued.
Total
68,130 feet.
12.90 miles.
Total cost 117,668.60
Cost per mile at same rate, $1 ,369.65.'
Cost
Length
per
Town.
in feet.
Description.
Cost.
foot.
Van Buren
1.160
Graveling; putting in an iron cul-
vert.
672.92
.69
Wade PL
264
Building with rock and gravel;
putting in a concrete culvert.
162.36
.67
Washburn
288
Filling with rock; covering with
dirt and gravel; putting in a
stone culvert.
200.00
.69
Weston
176
Rock filling to a depth of from 1 to
4i feet; covering with dirt; sur-
faced with gravel.
210.26
1.20
Woodland
681
Rock filling; covering with heavy
layer of gravel.
408.97
.60
SO. 26
Baldwin
Bridgton
Brunswick
CuMBERi^AND County.
1 ,617 Clearing right of way, |6 .60
Building two-24' x 2' x 2'
culverts 43.00
Grading 270 cu. yds. 96.00
Gravel surfacing, width 16
feet, depth 8 inches, 238 . 80
Building guard rails, 72
feet, 21.00
Width of improved road
23 feet.
4 ,660 Clearing right of way, 28 .66
Building one culvert of tile 25 . 00
Building one culvert of
stone, 16.60
Building one stone water-
way, 38.66
Earth filling, 185 yds., 48 . 28
Stone fiUing, 694^ yds., 216.62
Surfacing, 660 feet long,
30 feet wide, 6 inches
deep, 166.09
Building guard rails, 410
feet, 21.30
Width of improved road,
33 feet,
600 Clearing right of way, 129 .60
Graveling and sanding
whole length, 21 feet
wide, 18 inches deep, 110.00
Surfacing with crushed
stone, length 660 feet,
width, 15 feet, depth, 14
inches, 944.60
Lajring vitrified pipe cul-
vert, 34 feet long, 15 . 90
Width of imp. road, 24 feet
$404.30
.25
560.00
.12
1,200.00 2.40
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
77
CuMBERi<AND County — Continued.
Town.
Cape Elizabeth
Length
in feet.
765
Cost
per
foot.
Casco
Cumberland
Falmouth
Freeport
Description. Cost.
Rock filling, 18 feet wide,
15 inches deep, 472 . 80
Surfacing, 21 feet wide, 8
inches deep, 274.70
Building guard rails, 115
feet long, 11.78
Width of earth shoulders,
9i feet.
Width of improved road,
40 feet. 769.28 .99
1 ,323 Ledge excavation, 400 cu-
bic yards; earth filling,
460 cubic yards. Width
of improved road,22 feet, 208 . 00 .16
1 , 106 aearihg right of way, 100 . 00
Earth and stone excava-
tion, 488 yards; earth
and stone filling, 600
yards, 793 .44
Gravel surfacing, length
1106 feet; width 12 to 24
feet; depth, 2 to 6 inches, 65 . 30
Building culvert, 4 feet x 6
feet X 49 feet, made of
stone; cost of new gran-
ite. 124.00
Cost of removing and lay-
ing stone and abutments 167 . 49
Putting in guard rails, 320
feet, 26.78
Width of earth shoulders
21 to 24 feet. 1 .277 .01 1 . 15
377 Rock filling. 25 feet wide. 1
foot deep; surfacing, 25
feet wide, 10 inches
deep; building one stone
culvert 28 feet long.
Width of improved road,
25 feet. 400.00 1.06
1 ,717 Excavating ledge, 292 cu-
bic yards, 205.21
Building stone drain, 1 ,500
feet in length, 2 to 3 feet
in width, 2 to 2^ feet in
depth, 230.00
Surfacing, 1 ,592 feet in
length; 12 feet in width;
6 inches in depth, 137.95
Building four stone water-
ways — two rebuilt, two
lengthened about 6 feet
each, length 25 feet,
depth, 2 feet.
Width of improved road,
21 feet. 617.66 .36
78
commissione:r op highways.
Cumbe:ri,and County — Continued.
Town.
Gorham
Gray
Harrison
Naple
Cost
Length
per
in fiet.
Description.
Cost.
foot.
2.240
Clearing right of way.
Grading,
Putting in "V" drain,
length 650 feet, width 12
feet, depth from 8 to 20
inches,
Stone filling, length- 150
feet, width 15 feet,
depth, 12 inches.
Graveling 2,240 feet x 9
feet X 9 inches.
Building stone culvert, 25
feet long, 2 x 2^ feet.
Width of improved road,
12.00
306.20
204.00
50.00
312.80
25.00
25 feet.
Cleaning and clearing
910.00
.40
1,996
right of way.
15.00
Excavating 30 yards.
earth filling 30 yards.
90.99
Surfacing, length 1 ,996
feet, width 12 feet,
depth 6 inches.
236.91
Building two culverts, one
of 6 inch tile, length 26
feet, one of stone re-
paired.
15.49
Width of earth shoulders,
4i feet;
Width of improved road,
21 feet.
Cleaning and clearing
358.39
.18
1.930
right of way.
50.00
Stone filling, 14 feet wide,
2 feet deep,250 feet long;
building a blind stone
drain, 100 feet long and
2 feet wide,
80.00
Surfacing with gravel,
85.00
Building 2 split stonetcul-
vertfi 24 feet x 2 feet x 2
feet.
40.00
Width of improved road,
255.00
.18
24 feet.
1,190
Cleaning and clearing
right of way,
Graveling, 18 to 20 feet
wide, 6 to 8 inches deep,
Building two culverts, 1-12
inch drain pipe 60 feet
long, 1-6 inch drain pipe
20 feet long.
Grading,
Width of improved road.
24.00
122.50
37.60
26.00
•
30 feet.
210.00
.18
COMMISSIONER 01* HIGHWAYS.
79
Town.
New Glouceeter
No. Yarmouth
Otisfield
Scarborough
So. Portland
Standish
CUMBERI.AND County — Continued.
Length
in feet. Description. Cost.
330 Putting in blind stone
drain, 330 feet in length,
16 inches in diameter,
made of split stone, 150 . 00
Grading, earth excavating
and stone filling, each
587 cubic yards, 117.00
Graveling, 330 feet in
length, 10 feet in
width, 2 feet in depth, 33.00
Width of earth shoulders,
4 feet; width of im-
proved road, 24 feet. 300.00
1 ,650 Cleaning and clearing
right of way, 18.00
Putting in stone drain, 148.00
Graveling, length 1 ,411
feet, width 10 feet,
depth, 1 foot, 96.00
Grading, 31.00
Putting in one culvert, 32
feet X 2 feet x 3 feet, 10 .50
Putting on guard rails, 21 .90
Doing other work, 30 . 16
Width of earth shoulders,
11 feet; width of im-
proved road, 32 feet. 355.56
792 Building retaining wall be-
side pond, 171.25
Graveling 792 feet in
length, 18 feet in width,
1 foot in depth, 114.12
Building guard rails 792
feet in length, 119.69
Width of improved road,
18 feet. 405.06
600 Earth filling, 195 yards, 50.00
Graveling, 435 yards, 250.00
Width of improved road,
28 feet. 300.00
795 Grading; ledge excavation
and stone filling, 50.00 ^
Surfacing with gravel and
crushed rock, length 795
feet; width, 22 feet;
depth, 15 inches, 629.36
Width of road improved,
22 feet. 679.36
980 Putting in stone drain 380
feet in length, 10 feet in
width, 2i feet in depth, 180.00
Putting in 2 stone culverts,
each 10 feet long, 10 . 00
Surfacing, 27.25
Width of improved road,
21 feet. 217.26
Cost
per
foot.
.91
.22
.61
.60
.22
8o
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
CUMBERI.AND County — Continued.
Town.
Westbrook
Length
in feet.
760
Windham
2,375
Yarmouth
600
Cost
per
foot.
D^cription. Cost.
Rock filling, length 350
feet, width 12 feet,
depth 14 inches, 300.00
Grading, 464 cubic yards
earth excavation, 100.00
Surfacing with crushed
stone, length 750 feet,
width 12 to 14 feet,
depth, 14 inches, 1500.00
Width of improved road,
23 feet. 1,900.00 2.53
Cleaning and clearing,
Earth filling, 500 yards.
Gravel surfacing, 2075 feet
in length, 12 feet in
width, 8 inches in depth, 159 .50
Building two culverts and
relajdng two.
Width of improved road,
23 feet.
Grading, 350 yards stone,
earth and gravel filling,
Gravel surfacing, 600 feet
in length, 22 feet in
width, li feet in depth,
Building one culvert 35
feet X 2 feet x 2 feet, 35 .00
Width of earth shoulders,
4 feet; width of impro-
ved road, 31 feet. 321.19 .64
25.00
150.00
65.00
96.00
190.19
399.50
.17
Total.
28.183 feet.
5.34 Miles.
Total cost.
Cost per mile at same rate,
$12,027.56
2 .252 ,35
$0.42
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
8i
FRANKI.IN County.
Town.
Avon
Length
in feet.
600
Garthage
024
Eustis
1,166
Farmington
Jay
833
495
Kingfield
MaHrid
(Culvert work)
1,402
New Vineyard
Phillips
462
2.476
Bangeley
2.100
Salem
1.880
Strong
Temple
600
1,204
Weld
Wilton
6,280
1,600
Description.
Stonework, 219.85
Earthwork. 65.80
Grading with gravel -.build-
ing one stone culvert.
Graveling, 12 feet in width, 8 in-
ches in depth.
Width of improved road, 21 feet.
Building road of crushed stone.
Grading with crushed stone and
coal ashes.
Width of improved road, 20 feet.
Building stone culverts.
Gravel filling; building stone cul-
verts; widening.
Stone filling; covering with gravel.
Underdraining for 826 feet; gravel-
ing for 3 ,960 feet; building five
split stone culverts.
Cutting hill; filling sides; widening
road.
Building stone abutments for a
bridge,
Cutting down hill; filling in at foot.
Stone foundation; surfacing with
gravel.
Grading; graveling,
Grading; surfacing with crushed
rock.
Cost.
275.65
221.62
200.00
884.78
600.00
♦401.30
399.81
812.10
646.39
160.00
104.88
206.00
584.95
360.27
635.78
Cost
per
foot.
.46
.24
.17
1.06
1.01
.68
.26
.07
.06
.34
.49
.07
.42
Total.
20 ,910 feet. Total cost, $5 .982.63 *$0.27
" 3 .96 miles. Cost per mile at same rate. *1 .409 .40
* $401.30 for culvert work in Kingfield not included in averages per mile and foot.
82
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
Town.
Amherst
Aurora
BluehiU
Brooksville
Buckflport
Castine
Dedham
Deer Isle
Eastbrook
274.00
102.44
687.66
Hancock County.
Length
in feet. Description. Cost.
1 ,204 * 'V ' drain 10 feet wide, 2
feet deep, $176.50
Two stone culverts, 24 . 00
Surfaced with gravel, 1
foot deep at center, 4 in-
ches at shoulders, 73.60
Width of road 24 feet.
363 Rock filling; surfacing with gravel,
2,666 Excavating; building spilt stone
culvert 3 feet x 1 foot 6 inches;
two 10 inch tile culverts; sur-
facing with about 600 loads of
gravel; width of road 21 feet.
2 ,640 Three styles of construction used;
one section surfaced with
crushed rock; another with
gravel and the third with a stone
foundation 18 feet wide and 18
to 20 inches deep.
Three split stone culverts built. 448 .76
686 Building drain to a width of 6 feet,
4 feet in depth, covering same
with cedar boughs, clay and
gravel; surfacing with gravel the
entire length to a depth of 6 in-
ches; side ditches and culverts
well cleaned and repaired. 603.60
700 Digging trench to a width of 4 feet,
4 feet in depth; filling same with
rock and putting grass and hay
on top; surfacing with dirt and
on top of that crushed rock and
beach gravel; building bridge 21
feet in width with 4 foot outlet,
of granite 8 x 10 x 16; grade of
road raised about li feet; width
of improved road from 21 to 25
feet. 617.05
660 Underdraining about 450 feet;
putting in two stone culverts;
raising road for about 210 feet;
stone filling; grading and sur-
facing with earth. 154.71
694 "V" drain 12. feet wide, 18 inches
deep; surfacing with dirt and
gravel in accordance with plans
received from the State Conunis-
sioner of Highways. 450.00
400 This work is done in stone and
gravel . On the lower side a wall
from 2 to 4 feet high filled with
small stones, covered first with
turf, then with loam and then
graveled. There are five stone
culverts in the length of the road. 122 . 25
Cost
per
foot.
.23
.28
.17
.23
.76
.81
commissione:r op highways.
83
Town.
Cost
per
foot.
Eden
Ellsworth
Franklin
Hancock
.35
Lamoine
Mt. Desert
Orland
Hancock County — Continued.
Length
in feet. Description. Cost.
1 ,060 Filling with 3 grades of crushed
stone to a depth of 8 inches, thor-
oughly rolled with a 12 ton
steam roller. Road bed 16 feet
wide; width of improved road
from ditch to ditch 24 feet with
a 12 inch crown. 2 ,000 00
2 ,640 Putting in 1 ,000 feet of drain pipe,
filling trench with gravel, also
constructing ^ mile macadam-
ized road and repairing to the
amount of S200. 028 .96
(Bridge work) Building stone bridge with mason-
ry abutments and wing walls, to
a distance of about 160 feet.
Contract job. ♦895.00
2,010 Excavating to a length of 1,610
feet, a width of 8 feet and a
depth of 2 feet; stone filling,
properly draining and bringing
to a true grade with dirt and clay
to a depth of 12 inches above
stone filling; surfacing with
coarse gravel to a width of 10
feet and a depth of 6 inches.
There has also been constructed
400 feet of turnpiked road 28
feet in width and graveled as
above; putting in three perma-
nent stone culverts in place of
wooden ones; opening up ditches
from each of them so that no
water will stand near the road. 600.00
1 ,584 Straightening, turnpiking and
grading for full length of im-
proved road to a depth of from
7 to 14 inches; 825 feet of above
built on Telford plan; rock filling
to a depth of 1^ feet with rock
drain; putting in three sewer
pipe culverts, also six culverts
in other places in town on state
road. 423.21
550 Excavating and blasting; filling
^ with stone; surfacing with clay
* and gravel to a depth of from 6
to 8 inches; the road is well
drained by one stone culvert and
one stone ware pipe culvert.
Width of improved road, 22 feet. 808 . 53 1 . 63
954 Underdraining with stone to a
length of 764 feet, and a depth
of 4 feet; This was crowned and
a gravel surfacing put on to
a length of 100 feet; surfacing
with gravel to the length of an
additional 100 feet. 213.95 .22
.30
.27
84
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
Hancock County — Continued.
Town.
Otis
Length
in feet.
627
Sedgwick
860
8. W. Harbor
Stonington
Sullivan
Surry
Description.
Stone filling to a width of feet
and 2i feet in depth; surfacing
with earth and gravel; putting
in one culvert at each end to a
length of 20 feet, 3 feet in width
and 15 inches in height; sur-
facing with split stone to a
thickness of 8 inches.
Width of improved road, 22 feet.
Excavating to a width of 12 feet
and 20 inches in depth; filling
with cobble stones layed to a
depth of 18 inches; surfacing
with dirt; surfacing with gravel
to a depth of from 4 to 6 inches;
putting in a good stone cause-
way near the center, and a good
drain from the road.
Building stone bridge and sub-
draining 638 feet in length, 4
inch drain pipe, pipe covered
with 10 inches of loam, trench
fiUed with stone; graveling 6
inches in depth.
"V" drain 14 feet wide, 1^ feet
deep; putting in 2 stone cul-
verts 3^ feet X 2 feet in the clear;
surfacing with dirt and gravel;
width of improved road, 21 feet.
2 ,676 Three styles of construction used;
one section consisting of rock
foundation 14 inches in depth;
covered with clay 8 inches in
depth; surfaced with gravel 4
inches in depth and crowned to
about 5 inches; second section
center drained to width of 4 feet
and depth of 2i feet, stone filled,
covered with sea weed, surfaced
with clay and gravel; third sec-
tion blasted ledge from top of
sharp hill down 2 feet, putting
in stone foundation, covered
with sea weed, surfaced #with
clay and gravel to width of 18
feet.
6 ,000 Graveling to full length of road to
a depth of 6 inches.
800
650
Cost.
Cost
per
foot.
396.06
.63
290.60
630.01
300.00
.81
.67
.64
667.96
364.60
.22
.06
COMMISSIONER O^ HIGHWAYS.
85
Hancock County — Continued.
Town.
Swan's Id.
Len^rth
in feet.
330
Description. Cost.
Putting in one culvert 21 feet in
length, 2 feet x 20 inches; put-
ting in one branch drain 159
feet in length, 2 feet in depth, 3
feet in width; putting in one
center drain 80 feet in length, 5
feet in width; side drain, length
of roads, 2 crossway drains.
Cost as foUows:
Putting in culvert, $27.50
Branch drain, 18.00
Center drain, 25.00
Side drain, No. 1, 15 .00
Side drain, No. 2, 10.00
Gravel for road, 12.00
Labor on road and 2
crossways and material
for same, 71.00
Cost
per
foot.
Trenton
151
Waltham
Winter Harbor
900
950
Width of improved road. 21 feet. 178.50 . 54
Excavating for culvert to a length
of 21 feet, 10 feet in width and 6
feet in depth; stone filling to a
depth of 1 foot; walling up with
large stones and split granite
and filling in back of each wall
with small stone; building 80
feet of road; stone filling for the
length given above to a width of
8 feet and 1^ feet in depth, run-
ning to the ditch on either side;
surfacing with gravel for full
length.
Putting in drain pipe and surfacing
with gravel to a length of 700
feet; putting in stone drain to a
distance of 200 feet.
Two kinds of construction used;
the first section was 743 feet in
length and 33 feet in width;
stone filling to a depth of from 6
to 18 inches. The second sec-
tion was 198 feet in length, 20
feet in width; stone filling to an
average depth of 1 foot; surfac-
ing both pieces with small rock,
clay and gravel. Width of im-
proved road, 33 feet. 900.00 .94
200.00
200.00
1.32
.22
Total 31 .853 feet. Total cost, 13,251.54
" 6 .03 miles. Cost per mile at same rate, $2 ,049 . 19
* 1895 for bridge work in Franklin not included in averages per mile and foot.
$0.39
86
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
Town.
Length
in feet.
Albion
4.290
Auicusta
1,760
Belgrade
1.070
China
2,805
Ointon
Fayette
Hallowell
Litchfield
Manchester
Mt. Vernon
Oakland
Randolph
Readfield
Rome
YaMalboro
Vienna
350
850
273
1.370
792
1,007
1.183
1.000
660
578
2,640
749
KENN]eBE:c County.
Description. Cost,
surfacing with good coat of gravel. $389 .95
Grades reduced; drainage im-
proved; macadam surface
placed. 2.250.00
Blasting; widening road bed;
grading; surfacing with gravel. 406.55
Excavating and stone fiUing to a
length of 1 ,815 feet; surfacing
with gravel; turnpiking and
graveling to a length of 990 feet;
putting in three stone culverts. 432.59
Stone filling and gravel surfacing
to a depth of from eighteen to
thirty inches; widening road
about ten feet. Width of im-
proved road, 28 feet. 525 .00
Cutting down grade of hill; rais-
ing road through bog by using
corduroy and gravel; surfacing
with gravel.
Width of improved road, 2 1 feet. 402 . 39
Putting in macadam surfacing to
a depth of eight inches.
Width of improved road, 26 feet. 300.00
Rock filling to a depth of three
feet; surfacing with gravel to a
depth of twenty inches (about
330 feet in length); suitfacing
with clay to a length of 1 ,039
feet, 1 foot in depth; surfacing
same with a gravd to a depth of
1 foot. 622.12
Excavating road to a width of 12
feet, and 2^ feet in depth; filling
with field stone, largest at bot-
tom, smallest at top; surfacing
with 10 inches of gravel.
Width of improved road, 23 feet. 493 . 93
. Excavating and filling with stone,
covering same with shingle hair
and dirt.
Stone underdraining.
Rock filling; gravel surfacing.
No description given.
Grading to a height of 18 inches
from center of road bed to ditch,
covering with marl and gravel
to full width of road.
Width of improved road, 21 feet.
Surfacing wiUi 1 ,160 loads of
gravel; putting in culverts.
Widening road; putting in one
stone culvert 20 feet in length, 3
feet in width, 3 feet in depth;
surfacing same with gravel.
Width of improved road, 20 feet. 203 . 48
Cost
per
foot.
.09
1.31
.15
1.50
.47
1.10
.62
295.95
.29
606.30
.60
400.00
.40
518.00
.78
309.96
.54
470.64
.17
.27
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
87
Town
W. Gardiner
Windsor
Window
Winthrop
Total,
Kennebec County — Continued.
Len^rth
in feet. Description. Cost.
850 Excavating to a width of 15 feet
and a depth of 15 inches; sur-
facing with clay to a depth of
inches; surfacing with gravel to
a depth of 8 inches. 289 .50
3,150 Widening road; surfacing with
gravel; lowering grade, niaking
fills with foundations; putting
in two culverts. 427.50
260 Surfacing with gravel to a length
of 250 feet, 20 feet in width, 3
feet in depth, 357 .93
Putting in one culvert
35 feet x 10 feet x 6 feet,
stone abutments, con-
crete covering, 625.00
Width of improved road,
20 feet.
1 ,280 Excavating to a width of 7 feet,
and from 2^ to 3 feet in depth;
putting in water course 1 foot
square at bottom; stone filling;
surfacing with gravel. 600.00
Cost
per
foot.
.14
982.93 3.98
.47
26 ,397 feet. Total cost, $10,926.79 10.41
5 miles. Cost per mile at same rate, 2 ,185 .35
Knox County.
Appleton 5 ,181 Cleaning and clearing right of way;
excavating; stone filling; surfac-
ing with gravel; putting in stone
culverts. 600.00 .12
Camden 1 ,300 Building road of limestone chips
and gravel. 887.96 .68
Cashing 980 Building perfect road bed; cover-
ing with stones; surfacing with
8 to 10 inches of gravel; putting
in good culverts. 309.74 .32
Friendship 500 Excavating to a depth of 3 feet;
filling with coarse stone; cover-
ing with a layer of finer stone;
surfacing with 14 inches of
gravel; putting in two iron cul-
verts and one stone culvert;
digging out ditches. 474.88 .96
Hope 592 Excavating to a depth of 2 feet, 12
feet in width; stone filling; sur-
facing with gravel or dirt to a
depth of 18 inches. 230.00 .39
North Haven 592 Excavating ledge; stone filling;
gravel surfacing. 312.88 .53
88
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
Town.
Rookport
So. Thomaston
St. George
Thomaaton
Union
Vinalhayen
Warren
Washincton
Knox County — Continued.
"Lengih
in feet.
Cost
per
foot.
Description. Cost.
1 ,220 Crowning 12 inches with lime rock
chips ; graveling. Width of road
improved, 30 feet. 877 .70 .72
340 Cleaning and clearing right of way;
stone filling to a depth of 2 feet;
surfacing with clay to a depth of
10 inches; surfacing with gravel
to a depth of 16 inches; whole
thorous^y drained. 328.50 .97
1 ,125 Rock fiUing of several sisses to raise
road, 2050 loads used; surfacing
with granite dust; building three
stone bridges. 1,014.82 .90
650 Excavating to a depth of 2 feet;
rock filling to a depth of 2 feet;
surfacing with rock chips to a
depth of 1 foot; surfacing with
gravel to the depth of i foot,
draining for entire length. 720.90 1.10
1 ,000 Excavating to a depth of 3 feet, 6
feet in width; stone filling;
crowning with gravel. 713.27 .71
563 Rock filing; crowning; surfacing
with grav-t-l to a depth of 15 in-
ches. Width of improved road,
20 feet. 606.94 1.08
368 Excavating to a depth of 2^ feet, 7
feet in width; stone filling;
crowning and surfacing with
coarse and fine gravel to a depth
of 18 inches. 400.10 1.09
7 ,650 Cleaning and clearing right of way;
excavating to a length of 100
feet; stone filling to the same
length; surfacing with clay and
gravel to a length of 1 ,320 feet.
The balance of the road being
across a gravelly plain which
forms a perfect road bed, it was
simply graded, all obstructions
being removed. 600.45 .08
Total,
22 .061 feet.
4 . 18 miles.
Total cost,
Cost per mile at same rate.
18,078.14
1.932.57
$0.37
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
89
Lincoln County.
Town.
AIda
Boothbay
Boothbay Harbor
Bremen
Bristol
Jefiferson
Nobleboro
Length
in feet.
1,800
850
Cost
Description.
Cost.
per
Gravel,
$15.00
Lumber,
4.00
Drain pipe.
5.00
Stone culvert.
15.00
Labor,
161.00
$200.00
.11
775
440
907
3,465
660
Southport
Whitefield
Wiscasset
Widening and blasting; trenching
750 feet, 5 feet wide, 3 feet deep;
stone filling; putting in three
stone causeways; crowning;
surfacing. 400.00 .47
BAising grade; digging out the
ditches; putting 450 loads of
crushed rock on said road. 618.42 .79
Ditching; rock filling; surfacing
with earth and gravel; rebuild-
ing and widening bridge; reduc-
ing grade of short steep hill one
half. 200.00 .45
Ditching; graveling. 608.80 .67
Blasting and grading; raising road
bed; graveling^ building one
large culvert. 667.20 .19
Building over rough ledge; sides
walled with stone; filled to an
average depth of 18 inches with
mixture of clay, earth and
gravel; surfacing with gravel
to an average depth of 12 inches,
with a 12 inch crown.
Width of improved road, 21 feet.
Blasting; draining; widening.
Putting in 22 feet of 12 inch tile
and 20 feet of 8 inch tile; stone
filling 200 feet from 8 to 18
inches, 1000 feet from 6 to 8
inches; graveling to a width of
15 feet with 864 loads of gravel.
Width of improved road 20 feet.
1 ,775 Underdraining 195 feet; laying 328
feet with stones, covering with
dirt and gravel. Remainder was
turnpiked, widened and grav-
eled.
Amount of material used:
550 loads of earth
100 loads of rock
293 loads of gravel
16 loads of crushed stone.
Average width of improved road
is 25 feet. 595 . 15
2,640
1,800
290.02 .44
99.98 .08
438.85 .24
.34
Total.
15,112 feet. Total cost,
2 . 86 miles . Cost per mile at same rate.
$4,218.42
1.474.97
$0.28
90
commissione:r of highways.
Oxford County.
Length
Town. in feet. Description.
Andover 1 ,500 Excavating 480 yards stone filling,
li feet to 2 feet deep. 825 feet
long; gravel filling 6 inches deep;
surfacing 750 feet in length,
building one split stone culvert.
Width of improved road, 22 feet.
Bethel 1 ,320 568 yards of stone filling; sur-
facing 13 inches in depth, 23
feet in width; graveling 6
inches in depth, 18 feet in width;
building two split stone culverts.
Width of improved road, 23 feet.
Brownfield 600 Gravel filling, 16 inches in depth,
21 feet in width; building cul-
vert of tiling 60 feet long.
Width of improved road, 30 feet.
Buckfield 742 Stone filling 247 feet in length, 15
feet wide and 1 foot in depth;
gravel filling 742 feet in length,
14 feet in width, 1^ feet in depth.
Width of improved road, 21 feet.
Canton 1 ,900 Excavating 1 ,600 yards; earth
filling, 831 yards; gravel filling,
969 yards; putting in four water
courses, two culverts, one of split
stone and one of drain pipe.
Width of improved road, 21 feet.
Dixfidd 535 Gravel filling to grade, 18 inches
deep for entire distance.
Width of improved road, 35 feet.
Fryeburg 2 ,800 Excavating 600 cubic yards; stone
filling 520 feet in length, 16 feet
in width and 4i feet in depth;
earth filling 980 feeet in length,
16 feet in width, 6 inches in
depth; gravel filling 1 ,820 feet
in length, 16 feet in width, 1 foot
in depth; putting in two split
stone culverts.
Width of improved road, 24 feet,
Greenwood 300 Blasting 250 yards of stone; earth
filling 20 feet in width, 9 inches
in depth; surfacing with gravel;
putting in three stone culverts.
Width of improved road, 20 feet.
Hanover 266 Gravel filling 4 to 12 inches in
depth.
Width of improved road, 21 feet.
Lovell 1,237 Excavating sand to depth of 15
inches; stone filling 12 feet in
width, 1 foot in depth; earth
filling 6 inches in depth; gravel
surfacing 18 inches in depth;
putting in three stone culverts
and one wooden water course.
Width of improved road, 22 feet.
Cost
per
Cost. foot.
$434.59
581.44
402.27
400.00
.29
.44
.67
.54
600.00 .32
435.00 .81
605.00 .22
314.80 1.05
100.00 .88
600.00 .49
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
91
Town.
Oxford County — Continued.
Length
in feet.
Cost
per
foot.
Mexico
Newry
Norway
Paris
Peru
Roxbury
Rumford
Stoneham
Stow
Sumner
Description. Cost.
330 Excavating ledge 10 yards; stone
filling 50 yards; gravel filling 18
feet in width, 2 feet in depth.
Width of improved road. 20 feet. 468 . 00 1 . 42
231 Stone filling, 24 feet wide, 2 feet
deep; gravel surfacing 24 feet
wide and 18 inches deep. 218 . 12 .94
481 Excavating 600 cubic yards; filling
417 cubic yards, 2^ feet in depth,
16 feet in width; gravel fiUing
616 cubic yards, 2 feet in depth,
21 feet in width; putting in one
culvert of quarried stone 2^ feet
X 3 feet, 24 feet in length; put-
ting guard rails on each side.
Width of improved road, 25 feet. 400 . 00 .83
1 ,906 Gravel filling. 767 yards, 8 to 10
inches in center, 6 inches on
sides; putting in three stone cul-
verts, 24 feet long.
Width of improved road, 23i
feet. 760.00 .88
500 Earth filling 175 cubic yards;
gravel filling, 100 cubic yards;
building one split stone culvert.
Width of improved road, 2 1 feet. 201 . 09 . 40
677 Gravel filling, 9 inches in depth, 22
feet in width; putting in one
split stone culvert.
Width of improved road, 22 feet. 207 . 67 . 36
4 ,300 Excavating 1 ,000 yards; stone
filling, 8 inches in depth, 26 feet
in width; earth filling, 18 inches
in depth, 26 feet in width; put-
ting in seven split stone culverts.
Width of improved road, 26 feet. 4 ,800 .00 1 . 12
676 Stone filUng, 4 feet x 2 feet; gravel
filling, 33 feet x 1 foot; earth
filling 33 feet x 1 foot; putting in
six split stone culverts.
Width of improved road, 35 feet. 802 .00 .63
148 Stone filling of split stone 18 feet in
width, 20 feet in length to reduce
length of bridge from 60 to 40
feet; earth filling 150 yards.
Width of improved road, 18 feet. 455 . 67 8 . 07
2 ,062 Excavating two pieces of road, one
83 feet in lengtii, 20 feet in width
3 feet in depth; one 247 feet in
length, 10 feet in width, 4 feet in
depth; stone filling 363 feet in
length, 20 feet in width and 1^
feet in depth; earth filling 1 ,023
feet in length, 20 feet in width, 3
inches in depth; gravel filling
1 ,023 feet in length, 20 feet in
width, 5 inches in depth; put-
ting in two stone culverts.
Width of improved road. 20 feet. 600 .00 .29
92
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
Town.
Upton
Waterford
Woodstock
Oxford County — Continued.
Leneth
in feet Description. Cost.
495 Excavating 165 feet in length;
stone filling 23 feet in width, 2i
feet in depth; gravel filling 8 feet
wide, 250 feet in length; earth
filling 20 feet in Width, 10 inches
in depth; putting in two stone
culverts.
Width of improved road, 23 feet. 400 . 00
1 ,650 Gravel filling 1 ,650 feet in length,
22 feet in width, 1 foot in depth.
Width of improved road, 22 feet. 405.70
1 ,238 Stone filling 1 ,238 feet in length,
12 feet in width, 2 feet in depth;
gravel filling 1.238 feet in
length, 18 feet in width, 1^ feet
in depth.
Width of improved road,,22 feet. 601 . 95
Cost
per
foot.
Total,
25 .783 fecit. Total cost, $14 .283 .20
4 . 88 miles . Cost per mile at same rate, $2 ,926 . 89
.81
.25
.49
10.55
Penobscot County.
Alton
Bradford
276
792
Bradley
270
Brewer
Carmd
1,024
1.221
Rebuilding and widening bridge
abutment; stone filling 276 feet
in length, 24 feet in width, 3 feet
in depth.
Width of improved road, 24 feet. 327 .78 1 . 19
Excavating 9 feet in width, 3 feet
in depth; stone filling 9 feet in
width. 21 inches in depth; filling
with earth to a width of 9 feet.
18 inches in depth; putting in
three tile culverts; surfacing
with gravel to a width of 20 feet,
6 inches in depth.
Width of unproved road. 32 feet. 444 .90 .56
Blasting and excavating; stone fill-
ing 8 to 16 feet in width, 4 to 12
inches in depth; earth filling 4
inches in depth; gravel surfacing
4 inches in depth to the length
and width of road Improved;
putting in one stone culvert.
Width of road improved, 21 feet.
Stone filling to a depth of 24 inches;
earth filling to a depth of 8
inches; gravel surfacing to a
depth of 5 inches.
Width of improved road, 30 feet.
Excavating 8 feet in width, ^ foot
in depth; surfacing with earth to
a depth of 1 foot; putting in one
stone culvert, also one bridge 6
feet in width, stone abutments
and plank top.
Width of improved road, 32 feet. 402 .84 .33
224.87
600.78
.83
.59
commissione:r of highways.
93
PjeNOBSCOT County — Continued.
Length
in feet.
Cost
per
foot.
277.64
.47
200.00
.49
400.76
.58
Town. in feet. Description. Cost.
Carroll 490 Rock filling for entire length to
widen road ; earth filling for same
length to a depth of 2 feet;
gravel filling to a depth of 1 foot.
Width of improved road. 22 feet. 200 .00 .41
Charleston 642 Excavating entire length of road
to a width of 10 feet and a
depth of 2^ feet; stone filling for
same length to a width of 10
feet and a depth of 20 inches;
covering with earth to a depth «
of 10 inches and with gravel to a
depth of 4 inches.
Width of improved road, 22 feet. 200 .46 .31
Chester 594 Grading and surfacing entire
length of road; putting in one
stone culvert.
Width of improved road, 28 feet,
Clifton 412 Rock filling for sub-drainage; put-
ting in one culvert.
Width of improved road, 24 feet.
Corinna 693 Rock filling for sub-drainage; put-
ting in three culverts.
Width of improved road, 24 feet.
Corinth 753 Excavating 320 yards; stone filling
same amount, 8 feet in width, 2
feet 4 inches in depth; filling
with earth to a depth of 4 inches;
filling with gravel to a depth of 1
foot; putting in one split stone
culvert 29 feet in length.
Width of improved road, 30 feet. 363 .84 .48
Dexter 530 Stone filling for sub-drainage; put-
ting in one stone culvert.
Width of improved road, 40 feet. 1, 1 15 . 83 1.92
Dixmont 1 ,270 Earth excavation 904 cubic yards;
stone filling 2^ feet in depth, 8
feet in width for full length of
road improved; covering with
earth to a depth of 1 foot, width
of 12 feet; surfacing with gravel
to a depth of 1 foot, 12 feet in
width; putting in four culverts,
three of stone, one stone sides
with cedar top.
Width of improved road, 30 feet. 302.61 .24
Eddington 1 ,204 Rock filling for sub-drainage; put-
ting in three culverts.
Width of improved road, 33 feet. 610 .56 .51
Exeter 1 ,500 Stone filling in valley 280 feet in
length, 22 feet in width, 3 feet in
depth; earth surfacing 346 feet
in length, 22 feet in width, 10
inches in depth; putting in one
stone culvert.
Width of impro\ ed road, 28 feet. 399 .99 .27
94
COMMISSIONER OF • HIGHWAYS.
Penobscot County — Continued.
Town,
Length
in feet.
Coat
per
foot.
Garland
Greenbush
Greenfield
Hampden
Hermon
Holden
Howland
Kingman
Lagrange
Lee
300.00
202.45
.18
.22
Description. Cost.
1,237 Excavating 23,760 cubic feet;
stone filling to a length 990 feet,
12 feet in width and 2 feet in
depth also a piece 165 feet in
length, 22 feet in width and 1
foot in depth; earth filling 13,375
cubic feet; gravel surfacing 16,-
136 cubic feet; putting in three
stone culverts.
Width of improved road, 25 feet. 4 18 . 23 .34
1 ,650 Sandy road so sub-drainage was
unnecessary; earth filling of 867
yards, gravel and clay mixed;
surfacing to a length of 1 ,650
feet, 12 feet in width, 6 to 12
inches in depth; putting in one
tile culvert laid in stone.
Width of improved road, 28 feet.
924 Cleaning and clearing, right of way
for 50 feet; grading to a length of
924 feet; surfacing to a width of
15 feet, 6 inches in depth; put-
ting in one stone culvert.
Width of improved road, 23 feet.
3 ,800 Excavating; stone filling to a
length of 3,500 feet, 10 to 13
feet in width, 2i feet in depth;
earth filling 1 foot in depth;
gravel surfacing to a width of 12
feet, 3 inches in depth; putting
in five stone culverts.
Width of improved road, 33 feet. 888 . 00
643 Putting in two stone culverts.
Width of improved road, 24 feet. 488 . 41
710 Stone filling; putting in stone cul-
vert.
Width of improved road, 24 feet. 200 . 00
1 ,660 Grading; surfacing, putting in one
culvert.
Width of improved road, 26 feet. 406 . 60
58 Putting in one iron and stone cul-
vert 66 feet in length, 3^ feet in
width.
Width of unproved road, 55 feet. 300 .76 5.17
825 Stone filling to length of road
worked, 8 feet in width, 2 feet in
depth at center, 1 foot in depth
at shoulder; covering with earth
to a depth of 6 inches; surfacing
with gravel to a width of 8 feet,
1 foot in depth; putting in four
split stone culverts, 28 feet in
length by 2 feet inside.
Width of improved road, 28 feet. 481 . 11 .63
1 ,320 Grading; putting in two stone cul-
verts.
Width of improved road, 23 feet. 606.99 .46
.23
.76
.24
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
95
Town.
Levant
Lincoln
LoweU
Mattawamkeag
Biaxfield
Mt. Caiase
Newburg
Newport
Old town
Penobscot County — Continued.
Length
in feet. Description.
1 ,700 Stone filling to a length of 1 .600
feet, 11 feet in width, 18 inches
in depth; covering with earth to
a depth of 9 inches; surfacing
with gravel to a depth of 3
inches; putting in one stone cul-
vert.
Width of improved road, 36 feet.
1 ,500 Grading; surfacing; putting on
guard rails, 100 feet in length.
Width of improved road, 27 feet.
858 Excavating 800 feet in length. 12
feet in width, 3 feet in depth;
stone filling same as above;
covering with earth to a width
of 12 feet, 1 foot in depth; gravel
surfacing, 5 inches in depth;
putting in one stone culvert
covered with split stone.
Width of improved road, 27 feet.
2 ,640 Putting in four stone culverts.
Width of improved road, 25 feet.
4 ,500 Surfacing with gravelly earth; put-
ting in one split stone and
cement culvert.
Width of improved road, 25 feet.
250 Cleaning and clearing right
of way, $25.00
Stone filling to a length of 165
feet, 14 feet in width, 3 feet in
depth; surfacing with earth and
gravel for the whole length of
improved road to a depth of 1
foot; putting in one stone cul-
vert covered with cedar stringers
and hemlock plank.
Width of improved road, 22 feet.
1 ,500 Stone filling to length of road im-
proved, 8 feet in width, 18
inches in depth; surfacing with
earth to a depth of 1 foot; put-
ting in four stone culverts.
Width of improved road, 21 feet.
073 Excavating to a length of 960 feet,
10 feet 6 inches in width, 3 feet
in depth; stone filling same as
excavating; surfacing with earth
to the depth of 18 inches; put-
ting in one split stone culvert.
Width of improved road, 31 feet.
520 Grading with crushed stone to a
width of 24 feet, 4 to 20 inches
in depth; putting in two cul-
verts, one 20 inch tile and one 12
inch tile.
Width of improved road, 24 feet.
Cost.
Cost
per
foot.
596.60 .35
900.00 .60
305.14 .85
600.00 .23
202.13 .04
217.00 .87
399.20 .27
606.90 .62
1.030.84 1.98
96
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
Town.
Length
in feet
Oro&o
1,600
OrriDston
i;023
Paaaadumkeag
130
Patten
170
Plymouth
Prentiss
1.352
825
Spilngfidd
Stetson
2,600
1.568
Winn
1,725
818.50 2.45
618.00 3.63
380.78
Penobscot County — Continued.
Description. Cost.
Stone filling; putting in one stone
culvert.
Width of improved road, 20 feet. 400 . 00
Earth filling; surfacing.
Width of improved road. 26 feet. 601 . 53
Stone filling to a width of 8 feet. 8
feet in depth; surfacing with
earth to a depth of 2 feet; put-
ting in one culvert of stone and
cement; putting on guard rails.
Width of improved road, 21 feet.
Stone filling,; earth filling
to a width of 52 feet, 10
inches in depth; gravel fiUing to
a width of 52 feet. 8 inches in
depth; putting in one large cul-
vert, stone walls with cedar
stringers and cedar covering.
Width of improved road, 52 feet.
Excavating for entire length of
improved road, 12 feet in width,
15 inches in depth, stone filling
for same; surfacing with earth
to a depth of 1 foot.
Width of improved road, 22 feet.
Cleaning and clearing right of way;
stone filling to a length of 330
feet, 10 feet in width, 2 feet in
depth; surfacing with earth to a
depth of 1 foot to the length and
width of stone filling; putting in
two stone culverts.
Width of improved road, 26 feet. 888 . 84
Stone filling to a length of 650 feet,
12 feet in width, 2 feet in depth;
covering with earth to a depth of
1 foot; surfacing with gravel to a
depth of 4 inches; putting in four
split stone culverts.
Width of improved road, 22 feet. 558 . 30
Excavating to a length of 495 feet,
8 feet in width, 2 feet in depth;
stone filling the same as excava-
ting; covering with earth to a
depth of 6 inches; surfacing with
gravel to a depth of 6 inches;
putting in one stone culvert.
Width of improved road, 24 feet. 828 .48
Stone filling to a length of 225 feet,
4 feet in width, 1^ feet in depth;
surfacing with gravel to a length
of 225 feet, 20 feet in width, li
feet in depth; putting in one
stone culvert; putting in one
bridge with a 24 foot span.
Erecting guard rails.
Width of unproved road, 24 feet. 243 .24
Cost
per
foot
.25
.58
.47
.21
.21
.14
commissione:r op highways.
97
Town.
Drew PL
Stacyville PI.
PENOBSCOT County — Continued.
Length
in feet. Description. Cost.
825 Putting in two concrete culverts .
Width of improved road, 24 feet. 480 . 00
1 ,230 Surfacing with crushed stone to
the entire length of road im-
proved, 13 feet in width, 12
inches in depth; putting in one
culvert with log sides covered
with cedar ties.
Width of improved road. 2 1 feet. 443 . 73
Cost
per
foot.
.68
Total,
51 ,987 feet.
9.85 miles.
Total cost.
Cost per mile at same rate.
$19,884.57
2,018.74
.36
$0.38
Abbott
Atkinson
Blanchard
Brownville
Dover
Piscataquis County.
4 ,600 Blasting and removing rocks; put-
ting in 6 stone culverts, 24 to 30
feet in length, 2 feet x 2 feet,
with good outlets to carry water
away from the road; turnpiking.
Width of improved road, 24 feet. $400.00 .09
825 Cutting down hill; center of road
opened and filled with small
stones entire length, with side
drains to ditch; putting in two
stone culverts 24 feet in length, 2
feet X 2i feet.
Width of improved road, 24 feet. 202 .50 .25
314 Surfacing with gravel to a depth of
8 inches in center; $118.38
Putting in two iron cul-
verts, one 10 inch cul-
vert 36 feet in length,
one 10 inch culvert 24
feet in length, with 12
feet of stone additional, 81 .37
Width of improved road,
24 feet. 199.75 .64
1 ,900 Stone filling to a length of 400 feet,
15 inches in width, 10 to 18
inches in depth; turnpiking 700
feet, graveling 800 feet that had
been previously widened to re-
quired width; putting in one
stone Culvert 24 feet in length
and one tile culvert 24 feet in
length and 1 foot in diameter.
Width of improved road, 24 feet. 425 . 00 .22
1 ,300 Opening road in center; lajdng
stone drain whole length, 3 feet
in depth; filling with small stone
to the width of 8 feet.
Width of improved road, 24 feet. 588 .51 .45
98
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
Town.
Foxoroft
Greenville
Guilford
Medford
Milo (Bridge work.)
Monson
Piscataquis County — Contintted.
Length
in feet. Description. Coat.
1,660 Removing rocks from road bed;
opening 924 feet of middle of
road and filling with small rocks
to the width of 14 feet; putting
blind stone underdrain in 093
feet of same; putting in four
split granite culverts 26 feet in
length.
Width of improved road, 26 feet. 612 . 72
2,640 Removing rocks and making
ditches; •graveling whole length
of road to a width of 20 feet, and
6 to 8 inches in depth.
Width of improved road, 24 feet. 600 . 00
1 ,818 Blasting and removing ledge and
rocks; excavating 660 feet; rock
filling, covering with gravel; 495
feet rock filling laid on one side,
then filling made of rocks and
gravel; surfacing with gravel;
putting in two stone culverts,
one 27 feet in length by 2 feet
by 2 feet one 32 feet in
length by 2 feet by 2 feet.
Width of improved road, 24 feet. 679 . 46
2,787 Widening and draining whole
length; surfacing 264 feet with
gravel, 18 feet in width, 6 inches
in depth; putting in bridge with
24 ft. stone abutments, 7 feet in
height, 25 ft. span covered with
plank; putting in three culverts,
"grout" covered with stone to a
length of 24 feet; putting guard
rails to a length of 150 feet.
Width of improved road, 24 feet. 322 . 87
Putting in bridge; stone abutments
laid in cement for steel bridge;
abutments 15 feet in height, 41
feet in width, 4 feet in width on
base and 2^ feet wide on top;
approaches well graveled. 561.75 (a)
5 ,280 Blasting and removing ledge and
rocks; filling of rocks and earth
between hills about 75 feet in
length; another filling of same
material about 40 feet in length;
grading down tops of hills; turn-
piking for whole distance; put-
ting in five stone culverts each
24 feet in length, two of these
culverts being 4 feet by 4 feet,
one 3 feet by 3 feet, two 2 feet
by 2 feet.
Width of improved road, 24 feet. 593 . 44
Cost
per
foot.
.87
.23
37
.12
.11
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
99
Piscataquis County — Continued.
Town.
Omeville
Fbrkman
Shiiley
Wellington
WUlimantio
Length
in feet. Deecription.
3 ,927 Blasting and removing rocks and
cutting bushes, $134 . 25
Opening 247 feet and
filling with rocks also
660 feet filled with rocks
and earth through a
swampy in place road, 202 . 00
Tumpiking, 47.25
Putting in three stone
culverts 23 feet in length 40 . 00
Width of improved road,
23 feet.
3,168 Earth filling about 165 feet in
length, 3 feet in height; tum-
piking; putting in three stone
culverts, one 24 feet in length by
6 feet by 4 feet; one 24 feet in
length, by 3 by 4i feet; one
smaller one 24 feet in length.
Width of improved road, 23 feet.
1 ,320 Cutting bushes in right of way;
filling of rock and gravel to a
length of 300 feet; turnpiking;
putting in two stone culverts, 22
feet in length, 2i feet by 3 feet.
Width of improved road, 22 feet.
2,640 Blasting ledge and removing
rocks $141.67
Grading down hiUs and
making 3 fills, 176.00
Putting in one split
granite culvert 24 feet in
length, 3i by 5 feet and
putting in two stone
culverts 22 feet in length 75 . 00
Tumpiking with road
machine, 22.00
Width of improved road
22 feet.
150
Putting in one stone culvert over a
small brook 21 feet in length, 5
by 6 feet, then a fill of stone and
earth made to about the height
of 10 feet; putting on guard
rails about 150 feet in length.
Width of improved road, 21 feet.
Cost.
Cost
per
foot.
423.50
.11
405.80
800.00
.13
.23
413.57
.16
200.00 1.33
Total, 34,319 feet. Total cost, $6,928.87 $0.19
" 6 . 49 miles. Cost per mile at same rate, 981 . 07
• a $551 .75 for bridge work in Milo not included in averages per mUe and foot.
lOO
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
Sagadahoc County.
Town.
Arrowsic
Bath
Leiu^th
in feet
650
Description.
Putting in a layer of plank 4 to 6
inches thick, covering with dirt
or loam; surfacing with
gravel. $416.65
Putting on guard rails, 78.96
Bowdoin
Bowdoinham
Georgetown
Phippsburg
Richmond
1 ,090 Surfacing with crushed stone, aver-
age depth of 8 inches,
Width of improved road, 16 feet.
1 ,135 Blasting; cleaning and
right of way.
Grading,
Surfacing with gravel.
Building two culverts.
825
1,650
818
Surfacing with gravel,
Blasting rocks and ledges to widen
road.
Widening; making gutters; rock
filling; surfacing with clay and
gravel.
Excavating, taking from center of
road about 260 cubic yards of
earth and sawdust, done mostly
by road machine, $33 . 00
Rock filling, using 590
tons of stone; 818 feet in
length, 13 to 20 feet in
width, 10 to 20 inches in
depth, 321.63
Surfacing by putting on
538 double loads of
gravd and some clay to
the length of 818 feet,
width of 22 feet, depth
of 7 to 12 inches, 242 . 30
Putting in three tile
pipe culverts each 27
feet in length, 12 inches
in diameter , 36 . 40
Width of earth shoul-
ders 5 feet.
Width of improved road,
26 feet.
Topsham
1,644
Woolwich
Total.
1.110
Stone filling, 1 ,200 feet in length,
16 feet in width, 8 inches in
depth; surfacing with stone and
crushed rock, 1 ,644 feet in
length, 22 feet in width, 1 foot
in depth.
Width of earth shoulders, 6 feet.
Width of improved road, 22 feet.
Blasting ledges; surfacing with
gravel 1 ,110 feet in length, 22
feet in width, 10 inches in depth.
Width of improved road, 22 feet.
CkMt.
$495.61
Cost
per
foot.
.76
,16 feet.
1,050.00
.96
clearing
$74 . 14
79.01
420.79
26.70
600.64
110.50
.53
.13
344.74
614.90
.21
.44
633.33
.77
687.06
577.93
.42
.52
10,308 feet. Total cost,
1 . 95 miles. Cost per mile at same rate,
$5,114.71
2.622.93
$0.50
COMMISSIONER O? HIGHWAYS.
lOI
Somerset County.
Length
Town. in feet. Description. Cost.
Athens 1 ,650 Excavating and stone filling, 412
feet long, 2 feet deep, 14 feet
wide; gravel filling 1 ,412 feet;
building four stone culverts.
Width worked, 24 feet. $400 . 00
Bingham 1 ,650 Gravel filling, 14 inches deep, 20
feet wide. Width worked. 80
feet. 884.81
Brighton H. 214 Gravel filling, 8 to 18 inches, 25
feet wide; constructing one stone
culvert 60 feet long.
Width worked, 30 feet. 200 . 00
Cambridge 264 Stone filling, 1^ feet deep, 23
inches wide; earth filling 1 foot; -
constructing one split stone cul-
vert.
Width worked. 23 feet. 208 . 37
Canaan (Culvert work) Building four stone culverts, 2 feet
high, 3 feet wide, 30 feet long. 215.43 (a)
-Comville 578 Excavating and stone filling, 3 feet
by 7 feet: earth filling 14 inches
by 7 feet; constructing one stone
culvert.
Width worked, 25 feet. 21 1 . 00
Excavating and stone filling, 2 to 3
feet deep, to 12 feet wide.
Width of road worked, 24 feet. 278 . 29
Gravel filling, 12 feet wide. 15
inches deep.
Width of road worked, 24 feet. 600 . 00
Excavating, 300 feet; stone filling,
li feet deep, 24 feet wide; earth
filling, i foot in depth, 22 feet
in width; gravel filling | foot in
depth, 22 feet in width; con-
structing three split stone cul-
verts.
Width or road worked, 24 feet. 407 . 86
:Hartland 1 ,039 Stone filling, 3i feet, 10 feet wide;
earth filling 2 feet; excavating
3ixl0 feet X 516 feet. Width
of road work, excavated piece,
28 feet, stone side piece 20
feet; built two stone culverts,
one of stone and one of stone and
wood. 508.57
Jtfadison 990 Excavating 12 feet wide, 18 inches
deep; stone filling, 15 inches
deep, 12 feet wide. Earth fill-
ing, 5 inches, same length. Con-
structing eight side drains of
stone.
Width of road worked 30 feet. 376 .40
iiercer 742 Stone filling 1^ feet, 20 feet wide;
gravel filling, 12 inches. 600 . 00
Cost
per
foot.
.24
.23
.93
.79
Detroit
627
Fairfield
1,716
Harmony
450
.87
.44
.35
.90
.49
.81
I02
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
Town.
New Portland
NorridKOwock
Palmsna
Pittsfield
Somerset County — Continued.
Length
in feet.
Cost
per
foot.
Ripley
Bxnithfield
Bkowhegan
Solon
8t. Albans
Description. Cost.
495 Stone filling, 24 feet wide, 100 feet
long, 2 feet deep; earth filling, 24
feet wide, 300 feet long; gravel
filling 30 feet wide, 50 feet long^
3 feet deep; constructing two
stone and tile culverts.
Width of road worked, 24 feet. 534 . 78 1 . 06
170 Granite wall, 13 feet high, 4 feet
thick, 327 yards. 1 ,050 .00 6 . 17
060 Stone filling, 2i feet deep, 12 feet
wide; earth filling, one foot;
building one split stone culvert.
Width of road worked, 26 feet. 337 . 62
3 ,375 Excavating 825 feet; stone filling,
825 feet; earth filling, 2 ,550 feet;
repairing three stone culverts.
Width of road worked, 30 feet. 408 . 00
Stone filling, 24 feet wide, 4 feet
deep; earth filling, cut down hill
182 feet; gravel filling 8 inches
deep; building one split stone
culvert.
Width of road worked, 24 feet. 288 . 00
Excavating 8 feet in width and 2^
feet in depth-10400 cubic feet;
stone filling 2^ feet deep, 8 feet
wide; earth filling 8 inches deep,
22 feet wide; gravel filling 2
inches deep, 12 feet wide; build-
log one stone culvert.
Width of road worked, 22 feet. 237 . 66
660 Excavating 400 yards ; stone filling,
35 feet wide, 350 feet long; earth
filling, 400 yards; constructing
one granite culvert.
Width of road worked, 35 feet. 605 . 02
1 ,716 Stone filling, li feet deep, 21 feet
wide; gravel filling, one foot
deep.
Width of road worked, 23 feet. 188 .50
957 Excavating 34,495 cubic feet;
stone filling, 3 feet deep, 10 feet
wide; earth filling li feet deep,
14 feet wide; building one split
stone culvert.
Width of road worked, 30 feet. 633 . 08
346
520
.35
.12
.83
f46
.92
.11
.66
Total.
19,119 feet. Total cost, $8,673.39 $0.44
" 3 . 62 miles. Cost per mile at same rate, 2 ,336 . 98
a $215 .48 for culvert work in Canaan not included in averages per mile and foot.
COMMISSIONER O? HIGHWAYS.
103
Waux) County.
Town.
Length
in feet.
Belfast
Brooks
Frankfort
Freedom
Islesboro
Jackson
Knox
Liberty
Description. CkMt.
1 ,070 Putting in stone "V" drain, 10 feet
wide on top, 3 feet deep at cen
ter, 15 inches on side; surfacing
with gravel over all in center of
road.
Width of improved road, 30 feet. S607 . 83
2,500 Grading down hill and filling at
bottom; putting in three stone
culverts; building about 300 feet
of guard rails.
Width of improved road, 21 feet. 600 . 00
2,013 Grading down hill; filling with
broken stone and gravel the
whole length of road improved,
also raising road bed for 83 feet
in length, 18 to 20 inches; gravel
surfacing 15 inches deep; re-
pairing and replacing culverts. 661 . 24
8 ,800 Grading with gravel full length of
improved road and turnpiking,
27 feet wide; underdraining 603
feet of this; 528 feet opened 10
feet in width and 2 feet in depth;
stone filling and surfacing; open-
ing 132 feet, 5 feet in width, 2
feet in depth, filling with stone
and turnpiking; putting in two
stone culverts.
' Width of improved road, 27 feet 366 . 10
1 ,000 Excavating ditch to full length of
road improved, 5 feet in width, 3
to 4 feet in depth; rock drain
was laid, small rocks filled in on
top and soil filled in to top of
road; side ditches cleared then
road was covered with good
clean beach gravel to a width of
16 feet and a depth of 6 inches.
Width of improved road, 25 feet. 596 . 66
8 ,400 Cleaning and clearing right of way;
widening; making two stone fills,
surfacing same with dirt and
gravd, one fill 250 feet in length
and the other 65 feet in length;
putting in two stone culverts
and lengthening four others.
Width of improved road, 2 1 feet. 227 . 00
1 ,000 Excavating; straightening; widen-
ing; putting in two stone cause*
ways; surfacing with gravel the
whole length . 202 . 92
1 ,666 Opening and filling road to a dis-
tance of 1 ,188 feet; raising 396
feet in length; surfacing with
gravel to a distance of 83 feet.
Width of improved road, 21 feet 573 . 79
Cost
per
foot.
.67
.24
•38
•11
.60
.07
.20
.34
I04
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
Wai,do County — Continued.
Length
Town. in feet. Description. Cost.
lincolnville (Bridge work) Stone filling; surfacing with earth
and gravel; outer walls of the
abutments to this bridge built of
split stone, and filling of com-
mon field rock; cost of stone
work about $1.25 per cubic
yard.
Width of improved road, 22 feet. 602.77 (a)
Monroe 1 ,980 Stone filling; surfacing with gravel;
bed of road 16 feet in width;
ditches 21 to 23 feet apart; put-
ting in one culvert built of stone
and loi{!3.
Width of improved road, 2 1 feet. 635 . 10
Morrill 1 ,765 Cutting down grade of two hills,
which necessitated the moving
of 650 loads of dirt and rock;
' putting in one new culvert.
Width of improved road, 21 feet. 296 . 00
I^orthport 1 ,584 Cleaning and clearing right of way;
turnpiking; putting in three
stone culverts, 12 feet x 18 feet.
Width of improved road, 21 feet. 210 . 86
Palermo 1 1567 Cleaning and clearing right of way;
excavating 1 ,485 feet; putting
in stone drain 3 x 4 feet; putting
in two new culverts.
Width of improved road, 21 feet. 416 . 73
Prospect 860 Putting in blind drain for entire
length of improved road to a
width of 3 feet, 3i feet in depth;
grading same 21 feet in width;
surfacing with gravel to the
length of 12 feet at center of
road, 8 inches deep at crown,
grading to 6 inches on sides.
Width of improved road, 2 1 feet. 426 . 00
Searsmont 2 ,060 Excavating for the length of 1 ,300
feet and filling with stone; put-
ting in 3 stone causeways;
draining and grading for total
length of improved road.
Width of improved road, 2 1 feet. 529 . 50
Searsport 500 Putting in double rock drain in
center 3^ feet by 4 feet; surfac-
ing with shore gravel to the full
length of improved road, 12 feet
in width, 4 feet deep in center.
Width of improved road, 25 feet. 205 . 80
Thorndike 1 ,732 Excavating to a distance of 743
feet, 6 feet in width, 2 feet in
depth; rock filling; surfacing
with gravel; improving 990 feet
of road in addition to ditch; put-
ting in one large stone culvert. 207.75
Cost
per
foot.
.32
.17
.13
.27
.50
26
.41
.12
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
lOS
WAI.DO County — Continued.
Town.
Troy
Unity
Waldo
Wnterport
Length
in feet. Description. Cost.
450 Stone filling on top of old road to
full length of road improved;
surfacing with dirt. 176 . 50
3,696 Tumpiking and grading; putting
in stone drain to a length of
1 ,650 feet, in center; putting in
four stone culverts.
Width of improved road. 22 feet. 410.01
1 ,075 Ditching center of road; putting
in blind stone drain; stone filling;
surfacing with earth and gravel.
Width of improved road, 21 feet. 300 . 00
6 ,280 Rebuilding Lewis Brook bridge
and tumpiking and graveling to
full length of improved road,
using 600 loads of gravel. 600 . 00
Cost
per
foot.
.39
.11
.28
.11
Total. 38.597 feet. Totalcost. $8,851.65 $0.21
" 7.31 miles. Cost per mile at same rate, 1 , 128 . 44
.a $602 .77 for biidge'work in lincolnville not included in averages per mile and foot.
Addison
Washington County.
3,000 Straightening road; filling low
place to grade, 200 feet in length;
gravel surfacing 12 feet in
width, 4 inches in depth; put-
ting in culverts as follows:
One granite, 12 x 18 inches.
One iron, 12 x 8 inches.
Two iron, 12 x 6 inches.
One iron, 12 x 4 inches.
Width of improved road, 21 feet.
Alexander
BaileyviUe
Baring
Brookton
400
1,760
Reducing grade; removing boul-
der; surfacing with gravel; mak-
ing good side drains.
Width of improved road, 21 feet.
Grading, surfacing with gravel for
whole length of improved road.
Width of improved road, 21 feet.
400
(Culvert work)
Removing old bridge,
putting in one stone cul-
vert containing 100
yards of granite.
Grading,
Putting on guard rails
to a length of 50 feet,
Width of improved road,
32 feet.
Calais
800
$464.74
242.80
600.00
217.04 (b)
.15
.61
.34
.54
$25.00
500.00
110.50
66.50
702.50 (a)
Surfacing with crushed stone to
full length of improved road.
Width of improved road, 30 feet.
655.99
.82
io6
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
Washington County — Continued.-
Town.
Charlotte
Length
in feet.
245
Cherryfield
Columbia
Danforth
East Machias
Eastport
Harrington
Lubeo
Description. Cost.
Grading; surfacing witii gravel to
entire length of improved road,
12 feet in width and 8 inches in
depth at the center, $142 . 70
Putting in two iron cul-
verts, 12 X 16 inches, 66 . 73
Width of improved road, 2 1 feet. 208 . 43
600 Grading above spring floods by
raising road 2 feet; surfacing
with gravel, $148.04
Putting in granite cul-
vert, 3i feetxH feet,
made of blocks 18x24
inches, 6 feet in length,
paved with same, 147 . 29
Width of improved road,
21 feet. 296.33
3 ,650 Grading for full length of improved
road with 676 loads of gravel;
putting in two iron culverts, 4
inch.
Width of improved road, 2 1 feet. 200 . 00
400 Excavating to full length of im-
proved road, 3 feet in length;
filling with field rock; surfacing
with dirt and rotten Isdge; put-
ting in one stone culvert 2x3
feet.
Width of improved road, 2 1 feet. 679 . 66
2,700 Surfacing with gravel for full
length of improved road, to a
width of 12 feet, 4 inches in
depth; putting in one stone cul-
vert 2 feet X 3 feet.
Width of improved road, 21 feet. 269 . 26
660 Rebuilding road; putting in stone
retaining wall . 760 . 00
(Bridge work) Building stone bridge with large
granite blocks including top, 29
feet in length, 10 feet in width,
7 feet in height; surfacing with
2 feet of clay and gravel raising
the grade to a height of 4 feet;
putting on tubular iron guard
raUs. 667.44 (o)
1 ,273 Surfacing with gravel to full length
of improved road, 12 feet in
width, 4 inches in depth; putting
in one 8 inch iron pipe culvert
to a length of 24 feet.
Width of earth shoulders, 4^
feet.
Width of improved road , 21 feet. 600 . 00
Cost
per
tooU
.85
.49
.06
1.45
.10
1.36
.47
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
107
Washington County — Continued.
Town.
Meddybemps
Milbridge
Length
in feet.
1,200
1.486
1,235
Deecription.
Surfacing with gravel to full length
of improved road, 12 feet in
width, 4 inches in depth; putting
in two granite culverts 2x3 feet
and one concrete culvert.
Width of improved road, 21 feet.
Pembroke
Perry
Princeton
Robbinston
Whiting
Excavating to length of 425 feet,
14 feet in width, 14 to 18 inches
in depth; filling with field rock;
surfacing with gravel to a length
of 810 feet; macadamising to a
length of 425 feet; putting in
one granite culvert 3x4 feet.
Width of improved road, 21 feet.
1 ,666 Putting in two stone drains 3i
feet tad 3 feet in depth; putting
in stone culvert laid in cement
21 feet in length. 2x2 feet.
Width of improved road, 21 feet.
1 ,700 Excavaling ledge in order to
straighten road; straightening
road; surfacing with rock and
gravel to entire length of im-
proved road; putting in one
stone culvert to a length of 21
feet. 2 feet x 20 inches.
Width of improved road, 2 1 feet.
660 Putting in one stone culvert 4 feet
X 6 feet; macadamising for full
length of improved road.
Width of improved road, 21 feet.
500
864
Surfacing with gravel to full length
of improved road, 12 feet in
width and 4 inches in depth; re-
building three culverts with
split stone.
Width of improved road, 21 feet.
Surfacing with gravel to entire
length of improved road, 12 feet
in width, 4 to 6 inches in depth;
putting in one concrete culvert
about 12 inches square.
Width of improved road, 21 feet.
Cost.
Cost
per
foot.
800.00
100.00 (&)
.25
.07
408.84
200.00
.12
400.00
400.00
.24
.61
200.00
287.47
.40
.33
Total,
24 ,988 feet. Total cost, $8,639.50 $0.29
" 4 . 73 miles. Cost per mile at same rate, 1 ,560 . 18
a $702 .50 for culvert work in Brookton, and $557 .44 for bridge work in Harrington not
included in averages per mile and foot.
b Baring and MeddybempS were not reported by county commissioners but got aid by
special resolve of Legislature. Hence no description is filed with county commissioners'
returns and none given here.
io8
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
Town.
Berwick
Buxton
Dayton
Eliot
Battery
Newfidd
No. Berwick
Length
in feet.
600
660
2,376
600
1,400
600
290
Saco
Sanford
Wella
670
1.300
600
York County.
Description .
Stone filling to a depth of 8 inches;
surfacing with gravel and clay,
three parts gravel and one of
clay, to the depth of 8 inches
and 16 feet wide.
Width of improved road, 26 feet.
Rock filling to an average of 15
feet, average depth of rock bed,
10 inches; gravel filling to a
depth of 10 inches.
Width of improved road, 30 feet.
Gravel surfacing to a width of 10
feet, and a depth of 10 inches.
Width of improved road, 33^
feet.
Excavating to the width of 12 feet
and a depth«of 1^ feet; stone
filling; gravel filling to a depth
of 18 inches and width of 24
feet.
Width of improved road, 33 feet.
Excavating to the depth or 1 foot,
14 feet in width; stone filling;
gravel filling to the depth of 6
inches; rolled; 1 foot of gravel
added and again rolled to a
width of 22 feet.
Width of improved road, 31 feet.
Rock filling to a depth of from 6
inches to 2i feet; surfacing with
gravel.
The character of this work is a
foundation of large stones duly
laid and covered with different
grades in fineness of Salem
crushed rock.
Width of improved road, 21 to
25 feet.
Ditching and draining; building
rocl^ foundation of broken stone,
width 15 feet; surfacing with
broken stone and gravel; fl^rade
about 2 feet in entire distance.
Surfacing with gravel to a depth of
8 inches; crown of road 1 inch to
1 foot rolled with a roller weigh-
ing 14 tons; width of roadbed 18
feet; width between ditches, 22
feet.
Excavating in center to a depth of
18 inches for a width of from 10
to 12 feet; rock filling and sur-
facing with gravel to the depth
of 12 to 16 inches, with a slope
from center to sides of not less
than 12 inches.
Cost
per
Cost. foot.
1440.90 .73
700.00 1.25
607.47 .26
375.00 .75
900.00 .64
415.29 .83
605.00 2.08
684.44 1.20
1,305.00 1.00
610.00 1.02
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS. IO9
York County — Continued.
Cost
Length per
Town. in feet. Description. Cost. foot.
York 1 ,320 Putting in stone foundation to a
width of 10 feet; surfacing with
2 layers of grarel each 6 inches
deep and each layer wet and
rolled with a 4 ton roller. There
is a crown of 16 inches from cen-
ter of roadbed; width between
ditches, 30 feet. 900 . 00 .68
Total, 10.016 feet. Total cost, $7,643.10 $0.75
" 1.90 miles. Cost per mile at same rate, 3,970.00
no
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
RECAPITUI.ATION BY COUNTIES.
Counties.
•t-i.S
^.9
II
I.
||
II
ag
l§
II
Androscoggin
Aroostook. . .
Cumberland . ,
Franklin
Hancock....,
Kennebec. .. ,
Knox
Lincoln ,
Oxford
Penobscot. . .
Piscataquis..
Sagadahoc. . .
Somerset. ...
Waldo
Washington. ,
York
7.739
68.130
28.183
20.910
31,853
26.397
22.001
15.112
25.783
51.967
34,310
10.308
19.119
38.507
24,988
10.016
1.47
12.90
5.34
3.96
6.03
5JM)
4.18
2.86
4.88
9.85
6.49
1.95
3.62
7.31
4.73
1.90
$3,775.21
17.668.50
12,027.56
5.962.53
13,251.64
10.926.79
8.078.14
. 4.218.42
14,283.20
19,884.57
6.928.87
5,114.71
8,673.39
8,851.65
8.639.50
7,543.10
10.49
0.26
0.43
* 0.27
* 0.39
0.41
0.41
0.28
0.55
0.88
* 0.19
0.50
* 0.44
♦0.21
*0.29
0.75
12.568.16
1.360.65
2.252.35
1.409.40
2.049.19
2.185.36
1.932.57
1.474.94
2.926.89
2,018.74
961.07
2.622.98
2,336.98
1.128.44
1,560.18
8.970.00
327 435.502
82.48 1155.847.68 10.358 11,889.62
*. Amounts used simply for bridge and culvert work where lengths are not given, are
not used in working out the averages, but are added into total cost.
TESTS OF ROAD MATERIAL.
At the request of this office the State Survey Commission of
Maine employed Henry Leighton of the faculty of Cornell Uni-
versity, as geologist, to collect samples of rock suitable for road
metal.
Twenty-five samples were collected from different localities
in this State and one from a neighboring county in New Hamp-
shire.
These samples were sent to the Office of Public Roads, Divi-
sion of Tests, Department of Agriculture at Washington, where
tests were made under the direction of Hon. L. W. Page,
Director.
Duplicate samples are also on file in this office.
Correspondence has also been started with Mr. Leighton to
define more closely the exact locality in which these rocks were
found in order that any one interested might write this office
and from information on file here locate the ledge exactly.
Herewith is printed a table showing the results of the tests
and an explanation of the same.
In Bulletin No. 79, U. S. Department of Agriculture on the
'''Testing of Road Materials,'' by Logan Waller Page and Aller-
ton S. Cushman, and Bulletin No. 85, on the "Cementing Power
of Road Materials," by the same authors, may be found full
descriptions of the various tests made on road materials in a
modem laboratory. Following are brief abstracts from the
above bulletins, sufficient in detail to explain the table, which
gives the results of the tests of the samples sent from Maine.
There are three chief properties essential, to good roads mate-
rials; they are hardness, toughness, and cementing or binding
power.
112 COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
Hardness will be defined as the resistance which a material
offers to the displacement of its particles by friction. The
measure of hardness will be inversely as the loss of weight aris-
ing from the scouring by an abrasive agent. Only one test has
yet been devised for determining the hardness of road materials.
This is the Dorry test, which consists in grinding specimens
with sand of standard size and quality.
In the consideration of road material, toughness is understood
to mean the power possessed by a material to resist fracture
under impact. As the surface of a road is continually subjected
to the pounding of traffic, it can be seen that toughness is an
important property from the standpoint of the road builder.
The test is made on rock cylinders with an impact machine.
The number of blows required to destroy the test piece is used
to represent the toughness.
The abrasion test from which is obtained the per cent, of wear
and the French coefficient of wear is made in the following
manner: The sample to be tested is first broken in pieces that
will pass, in all directions, through a 2.4 inch ring, but not
through a 1.2 inch ring. The stones are then cleansed, dried
in a hot-air bath and cooled. Five kilograms are weighed and
placed in one of the cylinders of the testing machine, the cover
bolted on, and the cylinder rotated at the rate of 2,000 revolu-
tions per hour for five hours. The contents of the cylinder are
then placed on a sieve of 1-16 inch mesh. After the fragments
of rock remaining have been cleansed, dried, and cooled, they
are weighed and their weight subtracted from the original five
kilograms. The difference obtained is the weight of detritus
under 1-16 inch worn off in the test. The per cent, of wear
can now be easily ascertained. It has been found that only the
best varieties of rock give less than 100 grams of detritus, or
20 grams per kilogram, or 2 per cent, of their weight. The
number 20 was therefore adopted by the French engineers as a
standard of excellence. The French coefficient of wear may
be obtained by the following formula: French coefficient of
20 400
wear=20X — = , in which the "W" is the weight in grams
w w
of the detritus under 1-16 inch in size obtained per kilogram
used.
COMMISSIONER O? HIGHWAYS. II3
The binding or cementing power of rock dust is determined
by an impact test carried on as described below. After the rock '
has been broken into sufficiently small fragments, it is placed in i
a ball mill and ground for two and a half hours. This ball mill !
contains two chilled-steel balls, which weigh 25 pounds each, |
and is revolved at the rate of 2,000 revolutions per hour. The
dust thus obtained which will pass through a very fine sieve is i
mixed with water and made into briquettes. After cooling they
are tested in an impact machine. The standard fall of the ham-
mer is 0.39 inch, and this blow is repeated until the bond of
cementation of the material is destroyed. The number of blows
required to destroy the bond is noted, and the average obtained
upon five briquettes is given as the cementing value.
The above abstracts of Bulletins 79 and 85 are taken from
Rhode Island Report, 1907.
114
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
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EXPENDITURES OF OFFICE, 1907.
DR.
To appropriation for 1907 $S,ooo 00
under chapter 188, Resolves 1907. . 300 00 $5,300 00
CR.
By salary of commissioner $2,500 00
salary of clerk 1,300 00
expended for stenographer and
extra clerk *. 421 93
expended for office supplies, period-
icals, etc 258 90
expended for telephone and' tele-
graph 90 68
expended for railroad, steamer and
electric fares 295 87
expended for livery 118 55
expended for hotel bills 241 45 5,227 38
unexpended balance 72 62
$5,300 00
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE
Letter of transmittal 3
New State Road Law S
— Explanation of the Law 6
— Articles to insert in town warrant (line i6) 8
— Schedule of duties of municipal officers (line i8) 8
Field Work lo
— County road meetings lo
— Towns visited (line 25) 10
— SUte road work in 1907 11
— Work under special resolves 12
St. Francis PI. road 12
Van Buren bridge over St. John River, survey for.. 12
Machiasport and East Machias bridge 13
Oldtown and Milf ord bridges 13
Oakfield bridge 13
. Whitneyville, repair of bridge 14
Macwahoc, repair of bridges 14
Roach River to Grant Farm road 14
North West Carry to Pittston Farm road 14
Concord, approach to bridge 15
Bingham, approach to bridge 15
Rangeley, bridge built 15
— Conventions 15
County Commissioners, at Belfast 15
American Road Makers, at Pittsburg, Pa 15
Good Roads Convention, at Springfield, Mass 16
Systematic maintenance of highways 17
— The first thing to be done to secure an improvement in the
highways in the Rural Districts 17
Split log drag in Standish 22
Cost of work with drag 23
Why French roads are good 27
State Road Law 28
— Sec. I. Objects of the act 28
— Sec. 2. State roads defined 28
County commissioners to designate (line 8) 29
122 COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
State Road Law — Continued, pags
Appeal from their decision (line 17) 29
Designate second road when first is completed
(line 12) 30
— Sec. 3. State highway department, officers and salaries.. jo
— Sec. 4. Towns to make permanent improvement of main
highw2^ 31
Statement of amounts to set aside according to valu-
ation (line 31) 31
Amount to be set aside by county commissioners for
unincorporated townships (line 4) 32
— Sec. 5. Additional sum to be appropriated if town
desires state aid (50% of amount set aside under sec-
tion 4) 32
— Application for state aid (before April 15) (line 31).... 32
— Selectmen to insert article in warrant (line 3) 33
— Sec. 6. Apportionment of state aid 33
Statement of amounts so apportioned (line 19) 33
— Sec. 7. Joint fund for improvement of state road, (Sees.
4-5-6) 33
Proposal setting forth location and desired improve-
ment (line 5) 34
State commissioner's acceptance of or amend-
ment to same (line 12) 34
Proposal of towns that do not apply for state aid
(before June i) (line 16) 34
State commissioner's acceptance of or amend-
ment to same (line 28) 34
State commissioner, may, upon request, furnish an
engineer (line 31 ) 34
Expense of such engineer, how charged (line 39) 34
Towns not taking state aid file statement of work
done (before November i) (line 3) 35
Unexpended joint fund may be used succeeding year
(line 12) 35
— Sec. 8. Work under contract 35
State commissioner to make surveys, plans, estimates
and specifications for the proposed improvements
(line 21 ) 35
Changes of grade and alignment may be made
(line 31) 35
Selectmen to advertise bids (line 37) 35
Certified check for 10 per cent to accompany bids
(line 4) 36
Bids publicly read (line 8) 36
Bids referred to state commissioner for approval
(line 11) 36
Right to reject any and all bids (line 12) 36
f
TABLE O^ CONTENTS. I23
State Road Law — Continued. PAGB
Successful bidder to furnish bond (line 16) 36
Contract, how executed and filed (line 25) 36
Town officers may bid in behalf of town (line 29) . . 36
Same submit bids to state commisioner (line 36) 31S
Bids by towns not to be opened until after indi-
vidual bids have been opened and publicly
read (line 3) 37
Inspection of contract work (line 16) 37
Expenses of inspector (line 22) 37
Duties of inspector (line 28) 37
— Towns expending less than $1,000 of joint fund (line 34) 37
State commissioner may upon application make sur-
veys, plans, estimates and layouts and furnish
superintendence (line 34) 37
Expense, how paid (line i) 38
Certificate of the cost (filed before November i)
(line 2) 38
— Survey notes, etc., filed in office of state highway com-
misioner (line 7) 38
— Sec. 9. Payment of state aid, how made (line 13) 38
Payment for contract work (line 29) 38
— Sec. 10. Maintenance of state roads 39
— Sec. II. Liability for damages 39
— Sec. 12. State road fund, how raised (tax of 1-3 of a
mill) 39
— Sec. 13. Connecting links of road to be built 39
No expenditure for this purpose in towns not accept-
ing state aid (line 39) 39
Apportionment among counties (line 3) 40
— 25% of unexpended balance may be used to complete work
unfinished (line 13) » 40
— Definitions 40
Fiscal year for purpose of this act ends December 31, 40
"Valuation" 40
City, town or organised plantation or unincorporated
township used synonymously 40
— Sec. 15. Other duties of. state commissioner 40
Compile statistics .\c
Disseminate knowledge 40
Hold county road meetings 41
— Sec. 16. Annual report 41
When transmitted 41
— Sec. 17. County and municipal officers to furnish
information relative to ways and bridges 41
— Sec. 18. Repealer 41
— Sec. 19. Act to take effect when 41
124
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
PAGE
Financial statement of state road law applied to each town 42-71
— Valuation of each town as per state assessors' report
(column 3) 42-71
— Highway appropriation of each town for 1907 (column 4) 42-71
— Amount set aside under Sec. 4 (column 5) 42-71
— Appropriation necessary to secure state aid, Section 5,
(column 6) 42-71
— Town's part of joint fund, Sees. 4 and 5 (column 7) 42-71
— State aid under Sec. 6 (column 8) 4-^-71
— Joint fund for state road, Sees. 4, 5, 6 (column 9) 42-71
Report of state road work for 1906 72-110
— Androscoggin county yz
— Aroostook county 74-76
— Cumberland county 76-80
— Franklin county 81
— Hancock county 82-85
— Kennebec county 86-87
— Knox county 87-88
— Lincoln county 89
— Oxford county 90-92
— Penobscot county 92-95
— Piscataquis county 95-99
— Sagadahoc county 100
— Somerset county 101-102
— Waldo county 103-105
— Washington county 105-107
— York county 108-109
— Recapitulation by counties no
Tests of road material 111-113
— Tabulation of tests of Maine road metals 114-119
Statement of expenses of office 120
Table of contents 121
APPENDIX
Report of Bridge Investigation made by
State Commissioner of Highwajrs
a* ordered by the
Seventy-third Legislature
of the
State of Maine
1907
REPORT ON BRIDGE INVESTIGATION,
ORDER OP I.EGISI.ATURIC.
Ordered, The Senate Concurring that the State Commissioner
of Highways be and hereby is authorized and directed to make
an investigation to ascertain the length, physical character and
condition, original cost and annual cost of maintenance together
with such other information as he may deem pertinent or neces-
sary concerning each and every bridge within the State.
The results of this investigation shall be published as a part
of the next annual report of the State Commissioner of High-
ways and one thousand copies of the results of the investiga-
tion shall be published in pamphlet form for the use of the next
Legislature.
(Passed March 25, 1907.)
INVESTIGATION.
Pursuant to the foregoing order a considerable amount of
time has been devoted the past season in carrying on the investi-
gation of the bridges of the State.
Letter to Other States.
As a preliminary step in the investigation a letter was pre-
pared and forwarded to each state in the Union from which we
quote the following :
"If an investigation of this kind has ever been undertaken in
your state I would thank you to forward me copies of the blanks
used in making the investigation, if possible. If the results of
such an investigation have been published in the form of a
report I would also be glad to have a copy of that. If there is
any general law in your state whereby the state or county
4 COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
assumes any proportion of the cost of maintenance or re-con-
struction of highway bridges, I would be glad to have a copy
of the law."
Replies.
We received replies to this letter from thirty-two states and
from the Province of Ontario, Canada. It is learned from the
letters that no state has ever made a similar investigation neither
has any state a general law under which the state builds or main-
tains bridges. In general, it appears that bridges are built and
maintained as are highways, that is, either by the town or by
the county.
The following exceptions to this general rule are noted:
Pennsylvania: Certain large bridges have been built by the
State; other bridges are built and maintained by the counties;
still other bridges are built and maintained by the townships,
but the different classes of bridges are not definitely fixed by
law.
Vermont: State may pay half the cost of building or repair-
ing a highway or bridge within a town when other towns in the
vicinity are deemed to be benefited thereby and the town is
excessively burdened with taxes raising at least $1.50 on $1.00
of the grand list for the previous five years for town and road
purposes, not including schools.
Note: Grand list 1% of total valuation.
Iowa: Counties build and maintain all bridges over a certain
length. The minimum length being 12 feet and the maximum
20 feet in the different counties. Bridges of less span are desig-
nated as culverts and are built and maintained by the townships.
Illinois: Towns take care of the construction of bridges
except when the cost of a bridge will exceed 20c. on each $100
of the valuation of the town then counties may pay one-half the
cost of the bridge-
Wisconsin: Towns build and maintain bridges but they can
compel the county to pay 50% of the cost of any bridge costing
over J of 1% of the total assessed valuation of the town.
CONCLUSIONS.
We find that Vermont is the only state which has a law mak-
ing it possible for a portion of the cost of construction or main-
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS. 5
tenance of a bridge to be borne by the State. It is also apparent
that this law can only be invoked when the cost of the bridge
will exceed a certain rate of taxation and that a special commis-
sion must be appointed to hear each case and decide whether or
not the state shall pay aid. In Illinois counties may pay one-
half the cost of a bridge when the same will exceed a certain
rate of taxation, viz : 20c. on each $100 of valuation of the town.
In Wisconsin towns can compel the county to pay one-half the
cost of any bridge whose cost exceeds a certain rate of taxation,
viz: J of 1% of the total assessed valuation of the town.
These three states seem to be the only ones which have fixed
any definite law governing the aiding of towns in the construc-
tion of bridges.
The method fixed by the laws of these three states for deter-
mining when aid shall be paid seems to us to be extremely fair
and equitable inasmuch as it places the poorest town and the
wealthiest city on the same basis.
ABSTRACTS OF ALI, ll^^T^RS FROM STATERS.
Believing that the correspondence received from the different
states bearing upon this matter will prove interesting and
instructive to all who care to make a thorough study of the ques-
tion "What should be the State's policy in relation to the build-
ing and maintenance of bridges" we give herewith abstracts of
such letters, including besides that part of the letter which
shows the State's position on this matter, such opinion as has
been volunteered on the general question. It will be noted that
this question has been considered slightly by the State of Massa-
chusetts and an opinion of the Massachusetts Highway Com-
mission rendered to the Legislature in 1907 is given in full.
We also include with the Massachusetts correspondence copy
of the "Parker River Bridge Act" which is the only law estab- ,
lishing a state bridge received in reply to our inquiries. It is
so carefully drawn and appears to be so equitable in its provi-
sions that it is printed in full as a guide for possible future legis-
lation.
No particular arrangement of the correspondence has been
attempted except that the letters have been grouped as to states
in which towns build and maintain bridges; states in which
6 COMMISSIONER O^ HIGHWAYS.
counties build and maintain bridges; states in which bridge
jurisdiction has been learned by reference to their laws and
notes on the same have been added to the letter received from
the state. In the arrangement of the letters the name of the
state is first given then the title of the official from whom the
letter came.
s
States in which towns build and maintain bridges.
Massachusetts, Secretary Highway Commission.
"No investigation of this subject, to my knowledge has ever
been undertaken in this State.
"The question you raise, namely, of putting the maintenance
and reconstruction of highway bridges upon the State, was con-
sidered to a slight extent this year in Massachusetts. A pre-
cedent was established in 1906 by a bill relating to the Parker
River Bridge, a copy of which I enclose. This year an attempt
was made to turn over to the State another bridge between Lynn
and Saugus. I enclose a copy of a letter written by the Com-
mission to the Ways and Means Committee defining the attitude
of the Commission on the Lynn-Saugus bridge and other
bridges
"No general Massachusetts law, under which the State or
County assumes any proportion of the cost of maintenance and
reconstruction of highway bridges, has been passed. Each
bridge is considered by itself."
The following extract is from the letter addressed by the
Commission to the committee on Ways and Means of the Mas-
sachusetts Legislature in 1907 on the question of what should
be the policy of the Commonwealth concerning all bridges.
"The Commission is of the opinion that a bridge, to all intents
and purposes, is as much a part of a highway as any other
details of its construction. Bridges of short span have fre-
quently been taken by the Board as parts of State highways and
reconstructed and repaired as was necessary, but bridges of long
span have not been so taken, because of the great expense to
which the State would be thereby committed. The Board
believes that it has ample authority under the State highway
laws to assume control of bridges of long span, but it has thus
far been unwilling to take the responsibility without direct
COMMISSIONER 01^ HIGHWAYS. J
authorization by the legislature, by a special act appropriating
the money needed and apportioning the cost of the work.
"For the purpose of this discussion the bridges may be divided
into three classes :
"First: Those having State highways at both ends, either
constructed or projected in the near future,
"The Commission favors the taking of bridges of this kind,
under legislation similar to the Parker River Bridge Act (Chap.
531, of the Acts of 1906), with the understanding that no part
of the maintenance of any draw shall be paid by the Common-
wealth.
"Second. 2 hose having a State highway at one end, with no
prospective State road at the other end.
"If a State highway is likely to be continued on the other side
of a bridge of this kind, the Commission sees no reason why it
should not be treated in the same manner as those in the first
class; but if a State highway is not likely to be so continued,
the Commission is of the opinion that such a bridge should not
be taken charge of by the Commonwealth at the present time.
"Third: Those having no State highway at either end, and
there being no State highway contemplated in the immediate
vicinity.
"The Commission does not believe that bridges of this kind
should be taken by the Commonwealth as a part of the State
highway system at the present time.
^ :K ^ ♦ * ♦ :K :K
"Your question as to how many bridges there are in the Com-
monwealth and how much it would cost to maintain them the
Commission is unable to answer. To give a proper estimate
of what would be involved in taking over all of the bridges
would take many months of investigation and study."
Chapter 531, Acts of 1906.
An Act to authorise the Massachusetts Highway Commission
to repair, maintain and rebuild Parker River Bridge, so-called,
in the town of Newbury.
Be it enacted, etc., as follows :
Section i. The Massachusetts highway commission is hereby
authorized and directed to lay out as a state highway the road-
way and bridge over Parker river in the town of Newbury, on
8 COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
the way locally known as High street, between the termini of
the present state highway, and to maintain and keep in repair
the said roadway, bridge and the approaches thereto. All
expenses incidental thereto shall be paid out of the appropria-
tions for the repair of state highways.
Section 2. If at any time the commission shall decide that
public necessit}' and convenience require the rebuilding of said
.o^idway, bridge and approaches, it shall, after full notice and
a public hearing to all parties interested, prepare plans and make
a careful estimate of the cost and expense of such rebuiMing
and report its findings to the general court. If the general cou-i
shall approve its findings and determine the proportionate
amounts which the Commonwealth, the county of Essex, and
such cities and towns as may be determined to be specially bene-
fited should pay towards the cost of such rebuilding, and shall
appropriate the Commonwealth's share therefor, the county of
Essex and such cities and towns as may be determined to be
specially benefited, as aforesaid, shall within such time and in
such manner as the commission may direct pay into the treasury
of the Commonwerilth the proportionate amounts to be paid by
them. The commission shall then within a reasonable time
rebuild said roadway, bridge and approaches in accordance with
the provisioiis> of chapter forty-seven of the Revised Laws.
The treasurer and receiver general shall pay from the sums
appropriated uid deposited in the treasury as aforesaid, on
orders of the commission, such amounts as may be needed for
the work. If after the completion of the work it appears that
the total amount appropriated and deposited is in excess of the
cost and expenses incurred the treasurer and receiver general
shall pay back to said county and to such cities and towns as
have been determined to be specially benefited their proportion-
ate shares of the said excess, and the proportionate share of the
Commonwealth of said excess shall revert to the treasury.
Section 3. In case any street railway or electric railroad
company is granted a location upon the said bridge, it shall pay
into the treasury of the Commonwealth as its part of the expense
of rebuilding the* bridge and the approaches thereto, a sum
amounting to not less than ten per cent of the said expense, and
shall also enter into an agreement with the Massachusetts high-
way commission to keep that part of the roadway on said bridge
COMMISSIONER 01^ HIGHWAYS. 9
lying between the tracks of the company and eighteen inches
outside thereof on both sides of the track, in repair and safe for
public travel ; and no location shall be granted upon said bridge
except upon the foregoing conditions. The treasurer and
receiver general of the Commonwealth shall pay back to said
county and to such cities and towns as have been determined to
be specially benefited, their proportionate shares of such amount
as has been paid under this act by any street railway or electric
railroad company.
Section 4. The county of Essex and such cities and towns
as have been determined to be specially benefited may borrow
on the credit of the county and of such cities and towns, respect-
ively, such sums of money as may be necessary to comply with
the provisions of this act.
Section 5. This act shall take effect upon its passage.
(Approved June 28, 1906.)
New Hampshire, State Engineer.
"The State of New Hampshire has nothing to do with the
bridges of the State except what few bridges are on the state
roads, neither do any counties have to do with the maintenance
of bridges except in one or two specific instances where the legis-
lature has provided that the county shall maintain the bridge."
Vermont, State Highway Commissioner.
"Any town that is required to build, rebuild, or repair a high-
way or bridge wholly within said town and other towns in the
vicinity are deemed to be benefited thereby, and the town is
excessively burdened with taxes raising at least $1.50 on a dol-
lar of the grand list for the previous five years for town and
road purposes, not including schools, the county court may
appoint a commission on petition to inquire into the matter and
if found as represented may assess the state not to exceed one-
half the expense and the balance to the petitioning town."
Rhode Island, Clerk of State Highway Commission.
"The State Board of Public Roads have nothing to do with
the highway bridges as our highway law does not allow us to
build or repair bridges, they are taken care of by the towns in
which they are located."
lO COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
Connecticut, State Highway Commissioner.
"We have done nothing in regard to the subject matter that
suggested your letter to me, namely, taking care of bridges.
We have, however, paid a certain proportion of the abutment
work upon all bridges on state roads about in the same propor-
tion that we have paid for the construction of roads, leaving
the superstructure entirely in the hands of the towns not only
to construct, but also to keep in repair.
"We have a law here that has been on the statute books for a
few years through which, on any bridge over which trolley cars
are run — and said bridge is a draw bridge — ^the state pays $500
a year to the town in which said bridge is located. I understand
that this amount is to be increased to $1,000 per year.
"Outside of this, nothing has been done statewise as to the
care and maintenance of bridges."
In a subsequent letter the statement is made that the law says
nothing about bridges but leaves the matter entirely to the dis-
cretion of the commissioner and that only a limited amount of
work has been done upon a few of the smaller structures.
New York, Deputy State Engineer.
"I beg to state that in accordance with the provisions of the
Highway Law under which we are operating, the State has no
authority to construct any bridges, only culverts being provided
for, and a ruling of this department fixes the maximum length
of culverts at 15-ft. span. The maintenance of all culverts or
bridges over five-ft. span are a fixed town charge."
Pennsylvania, Assistant Commissioner.
"No such investigation as described in your letter has been
made in Pennsylvania. We have in this State three classes of
bridges, but the distinguishing lines between the three classifi-
cations are very indefinite. The State has built a number of
bridges across the larger rivers, such bridges having been built
by the Department of Public Grounds and Buildings. The
respective counties have built, and are maintaining, another class
of bridges smaller in size, and the various townships build and
maintain a still smaller class of structures. There has been no
legislation upon the subject which specifies definitely the size of
bridge to be covered in these various classifications. The
County Commissioners of the various counties have it largely
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS. II
in their own hands to determine whether or not they shall adopt
a given bridge as a county bridge. This has led to very great
differences in the manner of treating the situation. In some
counties, all of the bridges are classed as township bridges,
while in other counties bridges of no greater size are being cared
for by the county.
"In the reconstruction of the public highways this Depart-
ment is authorized to include as a portion of the highway any
bridge which is being maintained at the expense of the town-
ship. This has given us a range of work from the smallest
culverts up to bridges of 150 ft. span. These bridges after being
constructed are maintained by the townships in which they are
located."
Wisconsin, State Geologist,
'*The town or the city is the unit which ordinarily has com-
plete control and pays all the cost of construction of bridges.
As it stands at present, the law reads that towns or cities can
compel the county to pay 50% of the cost of any bridge costing
over J of 1% of the total assessed valuation of the local unit."
States in which counties build and maintain bridges.
Delaware, State Highway Commissioner,
"In this State the principal bridges are built and maintained
by the county in which they are located. Also the road or cause-
way immediately adjacent to them. All bridges of lesser
importance are cared for by their respective hundreds (town-
ships). There is no law that I know of that determines who
shall care for the bridge according to its size. There has never
been in this State any investigation of the bridges such as you
speak of."
New Jersey, State Commissioner of Public Roads.
In this State all bridges within the State are built by the coun-
ties under the immediate direction and supervision of the Board
of Chosen Freeholders and the State has no part in the construc-
tion of any bridges."
Virginia, State Highway Commissioner.
"Under our Law all bridges are built and cared for by the
counties in which they are located."
12 COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
Iowa, Highway Engineer.
"In our State all bridges over a certain length of span are
built and maintained as county bridges. The length of span
varies somewhat in the various counties, but the average length
is i6 feet, a minimum of 12 feet and a maximum of 20 feet.
All bridges under this length are designated as culverts and are
built and kept in repair by the townships.
"Such a law as you suggest would be a very desirable one to
have and I am of the opinion that standard loadings for bridges
even less than 40 feet should be adopted by the State, and prob-
ably standard plans and specifications."
Kentucky, Secretary of State,
"Replying to your letter beg to say that no investigation of
the character mentioned in your letter has been made in this
State. We have no law apportioning the cost of highway
bridges between the county and the State. The county does it
all."
Minnesota, State Engineer.
"We have no law governing the construction or maintenance
of our highway bridges. All such matters are in the hands of
the County Commissioners and are conducted" on the old hit or
miss plan without any superintendence or system. Every two
years the legislature divides up an appropriation among the
different counties to spend about as they please. At the present
session, now happily drawing to a close, they appropriated $400,-
000 to be expended by the County Commissioners on the old
plan.
"The Highway Commission of this State has a fund of
$55,000 this year and $70,000 next year for state aid on roads
and bridges of which not more than one-third of the cost is
contributed by the State and only one-third of the fund is to be
used for bridges."
Louisiana, Secretary of State.
"Relative to highways and highway bridges, I beg to say that
no investigation on the subject has ever been undertaken in our
State. There is no general law in our State whereby the State
assumes any proportion of the cost of maintenance or recon-
struction of highway bridges. In Louisiana highway bridges
are constructed and maintained by the county authorities."
CX)MMISSI0NER OF HIGHWAYS. I3
Kansas, Secretary of State.
"In reply I beg to state that I know of no investigation hav-
ing been .made in that direction. Our laws place the mainte-
nance of highways with each county."
Wyoming, Secretary of State.
"We have no information as to the cost of construction of
Ir'ghways and bridges, these matters being under the supervision
of the different counties."
Montana, Secretary of State.
"I will say that there has been no such an investigation as that
mentioned in your letter, in this State. The counties assume the
cost of bridges within their lines and I know of no state bridge
in Montana."
New Mexico, Secretary.
"There is no public Highway Commission in New Mexico, but
public roads are under the control of the County Commissioners
of the various counties, who act through a county road overseer.
In general, all bridges are constructed and maintained at county
expense."
Utah, State Engineer.
"In Utah there is no general law whereby the State assumes
any proportion of the cost of the maintenance or reconstruction
of highway bridges.
"At each session of the legislature, state appropriations were
made for highway purposes and frequently under these highway
appropriations construction or reconstruction of a bridge is
mentioned.
"The highway bridges practically without exception in this
State have been built by the counties out of the general revenue
levied by the County Commissioners for county purposes."
California, State Highway Commissioner.
"The State of California has not undertaken to maintain or
reconstruct any of the highway bridges, but leaves that matter
to the counties. However, I believe it would be a vast improve-
ment and saving for the State to have charge of such construc-
tion."
14 COMMISSIONER 0^ HIGHWAYS.
States in which bridge jurisdiction has been learned by reference
to their laws and notes on the same have been added to the
letter received from the state,
Illinois, State Engineer. State Report for ipod.
"The law provides that a county may assist the townships or
road districts in the construction of intertown or other impor-
tant and large bridges which are of benefit to other than the resi-
dents of the town in which the bridge is located." From the
Statutes of Illinois it appears that towns may apply to the county
for such aid when the cost of any new bridge will exceed 20c.
on each $ioo of valuation of the town and that a county may
pay one-half the cost of such bridge.
Ohio, State Highway Commissioner.
"The matter of bridge building is not covered by the state
highway law. In construction of roads under state aid all
bridges and culverts costing over fifty dollars are constructed
by the local authorities and only bridges of less cost are part of
the contracts we let."
The general law is that towns take care of their roads and
bridges.
Michigan, State Highway Commissioner.
"Similar information was called for two years ago but on
account of incompleteness it was not published." Townships
build and maintain bridges.
West Virginia, Secretary of State.
"We have no laws of any consequence in regard to this mat-
ter." Bridges are built and maintained by the counties.
Maryland, Chief Engineer Highway Division Geological
Survey.
"No investigation such as you mention has been made in this
State." Bridges are built and repaired at the expense of the
county.
North Carolina, Secretary of Highway Commission.
"The question of bridges has not been separated in this State
from that of highways." The counties handle all matters of
this kind.
Mississippi, Commissioner of Agriculture and Commerce.
"No division of bridge expenses between the counties and the
State has ever been trifed in this State." The counties build and
maintain roads and bridges.
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS. 1 5
Texas, Secretary of State.
"No investigation of this kind has ever been attempted in this
State." Bridges are built and maintained by the counties.
No. Dakota, Secretary of State.
Bridges are built and maintained by the counties.
So, Dakota, Secretary of State.
Bridges are built and maintained by the counties.
Idaho, Governor.
"No investigation of this kind has ever been attempted in this
State." Bridges are built and maintained by the counties.
Ontario, Commissioner of Highways.
"Our Act to Aid in the Improvement of Public highways
provides for the payment of one-third of the cost of all work
done in constructing and bringing up to a fixed standard, the
leading roads in any county. The roads to be comprised in such
a system have to be approved by this Department and declared
to be leading roads. The work of bringing the roads to a
standard, involves of course, the construction of sluices, culverts
and bridges regardless of dimension or cost, and is included in
the cost of the work, one-third being paid by the Government."
INVESTIGATION WITH TOWNS.
Blanks were then prepared and forwarded to each board of
selectmen, the mayor of each city and to each board of county
commissioners who have charge of roads in unincorporated
townships, with circulars of explanation and instruction as to
what was desired by way of information.
These blanks were issued about June 15 and from that time
until the end of the year hardly a day passed that letters were
not received and sent out pertaining to this investigation. A
considerable amount of urging and coaxing was necessary to
get information from some towns and this was done by general
circular letters, several issues of these having been sent out, and
in many cases by individual letters to the municipal officers. All
who have furnished information are entitled to a share of credit,
if any is due, for the completeness of the report. The only
places which did not file reports are Fort Kent, Nobleboro and
Buxton.
l6 COMMISSIONER 01^ HIGHWAYS.
Information Asked For.
In general the following information was asked for upon
blanks sent out.
Name of stream, river or other water crossed.
Type of bridge — through truss, girder, pile or frame trestle.
Wood, stone, concrete, iron, steel or combination.
Extreme length of bridge.
Width of roadway.
Width of sidewalks, if any.
Number of spans.
Number of piers.
Clear length of each span.
Known cost.
If cost not known give estimated cost.
Condition as to repairs.
When built.
Name of Builder.
Year rebuilt.
Year repaired.
In how many years should bridge be rebuilt?
In how many years should bridge be repaired ?
If state gave aid towards first construction, how much?
Is bridge situated on designated state road?
If constructed and maintained by union of towns give frac-
tional part borne by your town and names of other towns and
fractional parts borne by each.
General Questions.
Number of bridges in town over six feet in length.
Number of toll bridges in town.
Amount appropriated by town for repair of bridges, year
1907, $
Amount expended by town for repair of bridges, three years
prior to March, 1907. 1904, $ ; 1905, $ ; 1906*
$
Amount appropriated for new bridges, at annual meeting,
1904, $ ; 1905, $ ; 1906, $ ; 1907, $
Amount expended by town for repair of iron or steel bridges,
1904, $ ; 1905, $ ; 1906, $
COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS. \J
Amount . expended by town for repair of wooden bridges,
1904, $ ; 1905, $ ; 1906, $
Amount expended by town for repajr of wooden bridges,
1907, $
Amount expended by town for repair of iron or steel bridges,
1907, $
Amount expended by town for repair of all bridges, 1907,
$
Amount expended by town for construction of new bridges,
1907,.$
Results of Investigation,
We would have liked to have gone more into detail as to the
physical condition of the several bridges and had reports show
kind, cost and present condition of sub-structures and super-
structures separate but felt that asking for more details than the
inquiry blanks called for would only discourage many municipal
officers from any attempt at filling out the blanks and would
result in an incomplete and fragmentary report. We do not
claim absolute accuracy for all figures of cost. They have been
furnished for most part by municipal officers and an examina-
tion of the blanks shows that all have not interpreted our ques-
tions the same way. In some cases cost of super-structure alone
is given; in others, cost of sub-structure and super-structure;
and in others it is apparent that to these costs have been added
the cost of grading approaches. On the whole we believe the
figures will average up fairly well and that the totals are prob-
ably not over 10 or 15% more or less than the original cost of
the bridges in the State. The total "known or estimated cost''
shown in table I, viz: $5,276,644.21 cannot be taken as an esti-
mate of the cost of reproducing these bridges. A considerable
number of letters have been received which made this or a simi-
lar statement. For example the commissioners of Cumberland
county report a bridge costing $25,000. They add that the
bridge will have to be rebuilt in a few years and they think the
cost will be at least $150,000.
In the matter of maintenance cost, figures are not as full as
could be desired. 353 towns, cities and plantations reporting
bridges of a known or estimated cost of $3,962,011.39 report a
i8
COMMISSIONER 01^ HIGHWAYS.
maintenance cost for 1907 of $99,340.77 or about 2^%. The
maintenance cost of all bridges reported on the same basis would
be $131,916.10.
Furthermore, it should be noted that 248 towns, cities and
plantations reporting bridges of a known or estimated cost of
$3,281,622.35 report an average maintenance cost for the years
1904, 1905 and 1906 of $112,699.81 or about 3i%. The main-
tenance cost of all bridges reported on the same basis would be
$184,682.55.
We do not understand that the legislative order directed this
office to do more than report results of this investigation. We
have accordingly arranged the information secured in what
seems to us the best form for reference and submit it without
further comment.
SUMMARY OF TABLES II, III AND IV.
From the following tables it appears that there are in the State of Maine —
66 bridges over 400 feet in length reported to have cost $1
53 bridges between 300 and 400 feet in length reported to have cost
16 ••
275 •
• 300
18 "
250 '
• 275
24 "
225 •
• 250
28 "
200 •
• 225
31 "
175 •
• 200
65 ••
150 •
• 175
56 "
125 •
• 150
125 "
100 •
• 125
53 •'
90 •
• 100
69 ••
80 •
• 90
91 •'
70 •
• 80
127 ••
60 '
• 70
173 ••
50 *
• 60
92 '•
45 •
• 50
174 "
40 •
• 45
186 "
35 •
• 40
328 "
30 •
• 35
394 "
25 •
' 30
903 "
20 •
• 25
1 ,198 "
15 •
• 20
1,717 ••
10 •
• 15
832 "
6 •
• 10
.601.184.
411.044.
62,448
70,950
155.813
132,508
133,742
240,853
220.050
262.011
137,314
121,240
97 ,627
122,197
164,448
68,535
89,760
108,588
136,822
150.516
266,943
227,241
209,949
84 .949
35
98
90
12
00
51
30
76
16
12
61
24
46
31
09
86
31
93
83
82
51
79
96
31
6 .819 bridges total for the State at an estimate cost of
$5,276,644.21
COMMISSIONER OP HIGHWAYS.
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TABULAR STATEMENT SHOWING NUMBER AND
COST OF BRIDGES OVER CERTAIN LENGTHS.
ExPi^ANATORY NOTE : The 1 19 bridges over 300 feet in length
includes the 66 bridges over 400 feet and the 53 bridges between
300 and 400 feet in length; the 135 bridges over 275 feet in
length includes the 66 bridges over 400 feet, the 53 between
300 and 400 feet and the 16 between 275 and 300 feet, and so on
through the table; similarly the last column shows cost of all
bridges in excess of the length mentioned.
In referring to the table remember that 6,819 is the total
number of bridges reported and that $5,276,644.21 is the total
reported cost of all bridges in the State.
66 bridges orer 400 feet in length* reported to have cost
119
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^
3 2044 081 579 880
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